Table 4.
GEE multivariate analysis of factors associated with the submission of ≥4 specimens, adjusting for clustering by individual provider.
| Characteristic | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | <0.0001 | ||
| <30 | 1.0 | -- | -- |
| 30–39 | 1.08 | 0.79–1.48 | 0.6208 |
| 40–49 | 0.96 | 0.85–1.09 | 0.5572 |
| 50–59 | 0.94 | 0.84–1.05 | 0.2881 |
| 60–69 | 0.85 | 0.76–0.96 | 0.0062 |
| 70–79 | 0.82 | 0.73–0.92 | 0.0011 |
| ≥80 | 0.67 | 0.57–0.78 | <0.0001 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1.0 | -- | -- |
| Female | 1.05 | 0.99–1.12 | 0.1207 |
| Indication | <0.0001 | ||
| Anemia | 1.0 | -- | -- |
| Diarrhea | 1.20 | 1.10–1.30 | <0.0001 |
| Dyspepsia | 0.78 | 0.72–0.86 | <0.0001 |
| Heartburn | 0.78 | 0.70–0.87 | <0.0001 |
| Weight loss | 1.04 | 0.91–1.19 | 0.5674 |
| Suspected celiac disease/malabsorption | 1.42 | 1.10–1.85 | 0.008 |
| Gross findings | |||
| Normal | 1.0 | -- | -- |
| Abnormal | 0.75 | 0.69–0.81 | <0.0001 |
| Year | 0.0095 | ||
| 2006 | 1.0 | -- | -- |
| 2007 | 1.28 | 1.03–1.60 | 0.0288 |
| 2008 | 1.38 | 1.11–1.72 | 0.0035 |
| 2009 | 1.51 | 1.22–1.88 | 0.0002 |
Acronyms
CD: Celiac Disease