Table 1.

The characteristics of the study sample

	Total (n=402) No. (%)	Female (n=207) No. (%)	Male (n=195) No. (%)	P
Age (year)				0.452*
≤12	65 (16.1)	35 (16.9)	30 (15.4)
13	301 (74.9)	157 (75.8)	144 (73.8)
≥14	36 (9)	15 (7.2)	21 (1.08)
Mean (SD)	12.93 (0.49)	12.90 (0.47)	12.95 (0.50)	0.302**
Mother's age				0.163*
20–34	120 (29.9)	61 (29.5)	59 (30.3)
35–39	143 (35.6)	82 (39.6)	61 (31.3)
40–55	139 (34.6)	64 (30.9)	75 (38.5)
Mean (SD)	37.4 (5.13)	36.97 (4.50)	37.83 (5.69)	0.091**
Mother's employment				<0.001*
Housewife	341 (84.8)	161 (77.8)	180 (92.3)
Employed	61 (15.2)	46 (22.2)	15 (7.7)
Parent's marital status				0.052*
Married	385 (95.8)	202 (97.6)	183 (93.8)
Widowed	17 (4.2)	5 (2.4)	12 (6.2)
Mother's education				0.020*
0–12	352 (87.6)	174 (84.1)	178 (91.3)
>12	50 (12.4)	33 (15.9)	17 (8.7)
Mean (SD)	10.36 (3.39)	10.99 (3.03)	9.89 (3.62)	<0.001**
Father's education				0.020*
0–12	320 (79.6)	156 (75.4)	164 (84.1)
>12	82 (20.4)	51 (24.6)	31 (15.9)
Mean (SD)	10.89 (3.66)	11.48 (3.31)	10.27 (3.90)	<0.001**
Family Affluence Scale				80.158*
Low	61 (15.2)	25 (12.1)	36 (18.5)
Medium	309 (70.9)	163 (78.7)	146 (74.9)
High	32 (8)	19 (9.2)	13 (6.7)
Self-efficacy
Mean (SD)	32.42 (8.54)	31.05 (8.91)	33.85 (7.88)	0.001**
Score range	10–50	10–50	10–50
Informational family support
Mean (SD)	8.48 (2.37)	8.52 (2.43)	8.45 (2.32)	0.767**
Score range	3–15	3–15	3–15
Emotional family support
Mean (SD)	8.81 (2.78)	8.71 (2.95)	8.87 (2.60)	0.278**
Score range	3–15	3–15	3–15
Practical family support
Mean (SD)	31.21 (6.52)	30.96 (6.62)	31.46 (6.41)	0.447**
Score range	14–54	15–55	14–48
Sedentary behaviors				0.055*
>120 min/d	263 (65.4)	114 (55.1)	149 (76.4)
≤120 min/d	139 (34.6)	93 (44.9)	46 (23.6)

^*Derived from chi-square.

^**Derived from t-test.