Fig. 1.

Potential biomarkers of biomass exposure, metabolism, and excretion. Biomarkers may be derived from primary products of combustion, from their metabolites or from products of their interaction with body proteins, DNA, and lipids. Biomarkers may measurable from one or more body compartment, as summarized here. PM2.5, particulate matter measured as the concentration of particles less than 2.5 μm in diameter; COHb, carboxyhemoglobin; MDA, malondialdehyde; 1-OHP, 1-hydroxypyrene; 3-HPMA, 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid.