A: expression of α-SMA (white arrows), another indication of PSC activation and fibrinogenesis, was readily evident in pancreas of rats fed with HFA. A low level of TRPV4 immunoreactivity can be seen in blood vessels and ducts in normal pancreatic tissue section. TRPV4 immunoreactivity was increased on the vessel and duct walls as well as in some unidentified fibers of interlobular area of the pancreas of HFA-fed group (white arrows). B: hematoxylin and eosin and Sirius red staining of pancreatic tissue sections. The normal control pancreas sections showed clusters of healthy acinar and islet of Langerhans. In pancreatic tissue taken from rats fed HFA, the presence of glandular atrophy, intralobular, interlobular, and periductal fibrosis (in red, white arrows) and inflammatory cell infiltration (black arrows) can be seen after 6 wk (top right) and is greatly increased by 8 wk (bottom right) on the HFA diet.