Table 5.
Changes in average number of portions or servings consumed per week (mean (SD)) from baseline to 3- and 5-year follow-up. Foods and beverages are grouped into recommended and non-recommended food and beverages based on the recommendations of the Research Institute of Child Nutrition (FKE) Dortmund [56, 57], (N = 604; baseline observation carried forward).
| Baseline to 36-month follow-up (3YFU)— mean (SD) |
Test statistics1 | Baseline to 60-month follow-up (5YFU)— mean (SD) |
Test statistics1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonrecommended food | ||||
|
| ||||
| White bread | −1.16 (7.27) | z = −4.11, P < 0.001 | −0.96 (6.43) | z = −3.72, P < 0.001 |
| French fries, fried potatoes | −0.40 (3.01) | z = −3.84, P < 0.001 | −0.33 (2.56) | z = −2.70, P < 0.010 |
| Vegetables in cans | −0.46 (4.45) | z = −2.51, P < 0.050 | −0.30 (3.02) | z = −2.30, P < 0.050 |
| Fruits in cans | −0.44 (3.78) | z = −4.01, P < 0.001 | −0.40 (2.60) | z = −4.27, P < 0.001 |
| Butter | −1.29 (6.10) | z = −5.48, P < 0.001 | −0.82 (4.96) | z = −4.34, P < 0.001 |
| Fruit juices | −2.42 (8.13) | z = −7.60, P < 0.001 | −1.57 (6.12) | z = −6.39, P < 0.001 |
| Crumbed fish/fish sticks | −0.45 (2.50) | z = −5.05, P < 0.001 | −0.33 (1.62) | z = −5.12, P < 0.001 |
| Snacks (not further specified) | −0.90 (3.88) | z = −6.07, P < 0.001 | −0.48 (3.36) | z = −3.26, P < 0.001 |
| Cakes and cookies | −0.93 (3.47) | z = −6.44, P < 0.001 | −0.63 (3.19) | z = −5.43, P < 0.001 |
| Chocolate and other sweets | −0.75 (4.29) | z = −3.60, P < 0.001 | −0.53 (4.29) | z = −2.87, P < 0.010 |
| Fast Food (not further specified) | −0.37 (2.92) | z = −2.20, P < 0.050 | −0.16 (2.20) | z = −0.79, n.s. |
| Soft drinks | −0.64 (5.94) | z = −2.25, P < 0.050 | 0.00 | z = −2.25, n.s. |
|
| ||||
| Recommended food (daily intake recommended) | ||||
|
| ||||
| (Mineral) water; tea | +1.28 (1.26) | z = −2.63, P < 0.010 | +0.89 (8.97) | z = −2.57, P < 0.010 |
|
| ||||
| Recommended food (moderate intake recommended) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Meat | −0.60 (5.19) | z = −2.91, P < 0.010 | −0.43 (4.51) | z = −2.28, P < 0.050 |
| Sausages | −0.45 (2.50) | z = −4.09, P < 0.001 | −0.33 (1.62) | z = −2.75, P < 0.010 |
1Test statistics calculated by Wilcoxon-test.
3YFU: 3-year follow-up (36 month/3 years after baseline).
5YFU: 5-year follow-up (60 month/5 years after baseline).
Only items with significant changes are detailed (for at least one time period: baseline to 3 and/or 5 years after start of the programme). No significant changes were observed for whole grain bread, cereals, rice and noodles, boiled potatoes, fresh or deep frozen vegetables, salad, milk, cocoa, yogurt, buttermilk, quark, cheese, fish, eggs, margarine, ice, pudding, jam or honey, wine gum, coffee, and fruit juices mixed with water (1 : 2).