Fig. 1.

Representative images of bladders from mice treated with saline (A), acrolein (B), acrolein+GP1a (C), and acrolein+AM630+GP1a (D) 3 h prior to death. Acrolein induced cystitis characterized by edema in the submucosal region, areas of hemorrhage, and mild infiltration of inflammatory cells. E: treatment with GP1a reduced severity of cystitis in a dose-dependent manner. F: effect of GP1a (10 mg/kg) was reversed by AM630 (10 mg/kg). Scale bar indicates 100 μm. n = 6 (saline-treated controls). n = 8 (other treatment groups). *P < 0.01 vs. saline-treated group. #P < 0.05 vs. acrolein-treated group. @P < 0.05 vs. acrolein+GP1a-treated.