Table 4.
Semiquantitive RT-PCR analysis for mRNA expression in liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.
| Parameter | CON | HF | HF + K1 | HF + K2 | HF + K3 | HF + Rosi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | 0.2a | 0.5a | 1.0a | 0.01a | |
| Liver | ||||||
| PPARα | 2.19 ± 0.69 | 1.60 ± 0.17 | 2.08 ± 0.43 | 2.38 ± 0.25 | 3.82 ± 0.75* | — |
| White adipose tissue | ||||||
| PPARγ | 0.40 ± 0.09 | 0.42 ± 0.07 | 1.32 ± 0.67 | 3.45 ± 2.63 | 5.23 ± 2.28* | 5.99 ± 0.82*** |
| Skeletal muscle | ||||||
| GLUT4 | 0.40 ± 0.10 | 0.20 ± 0.06# | 0.63 ± 0.17*** | 0.86 ± 0.14*** | 0.99 ± 0.03*** | 1.09 ± 0.03*** |
All values are means ± S.E. (n = 9). # P < 0.05, compared with the control (CON) group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with the high-fat + vehicle (distilled water) (HF) group. Total RNA (1 μg) isolated from tissue was reverse-transcribed by MMLV-RT; 10 μL of RT products was used as templates for PCR. Signals were quantitated by image analysis; each value was normalized by GAPDH. K1, K2, K3, extracts of hawthorn.
aDose (g/kg/day).