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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 13.
Published in final edited form as: Methods Mol Biol. 2011;720:3–35. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-034-8_1

Fig 4.

Fig 4

Condensation reactions forming polyamines from L-aspartic-β-semialdehyde. Reaction of L-aspartic–β-semialdehyde with putrescine or 1,3-diaminopropane by carboxynorspermidine synthase forms carboxyspermidine or carboxynorspermidine, which are decarboxylated by carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase to form spermidine or sym-norspermidine, respectively.