Table 2.
Patient demographics and outcomes. Table summarizes the demographics and outcome variables in the 167 patients with severe blunt trauma. The trauma patients were assigned to three subgroups based on their extreme clinical trajectories: ‘Uncomplicated Recovery’ indicating those subjects who did not develop MOF (MOF <6) and had a TTR of less than 4 days, ‘Intermediate Recovery’ indicating those patients that had MOF scores < or > 6 and a TTR of 4 to 14 days, and ’Complicated Recovery’ where patients had MOF and a time to recovery in excess of 14 days. Values represent the mean ± S.E.M., with median and middle quartiles in parentheses. Demographic and outcome data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey’s or Kruskall-Wallis (‡) post hoc analysis, or Chi-square (†), where appropriate. Significance was designated at the p<0.05 level of confidence.
| Uncomplicated Recovery, n=55 | Intermediate Recovery, n=71 | Complicated Recovery, n=41 | Probability | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Demographics | ||||
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| Age | 33 ± 2 (32, 21–43) | 35 ± 2 (34, 25–45) | 34 ± 2 (34, 26–42) | p=0.515‡ |
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| Sex (M/F) | 30/25 | 47/24 | 30/11 | p=0.151† |
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| APACHE II | 24.4 ± 0.8 (25, 21–29) | 28.4 ± 0.6 (29, 24–32) | 29.4 ± 0.8 (29, 26–33) | p<0.001 |
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| ISS | 26.2 ± 1.8 (24, 17–35) | 32.6 ± 1.5 (34, 22–42) | 35.7 ± 2.0 (38, 27–42) | p=0.001 |
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| NISS | 32.6 ± 1.8 (29, 22–40) | 36.9 ± 1.5 (34, 27–45) | 39.8 ± 1.9 (41, 29–44) | p=0.01‡ |
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| Total Transfusion, ml | 1705 ± 172 (1400, 700–2229) | 2782 ± 241 (2100, 1400–3787) | 2952 ± 423 (2150, 1050–3500) | p<0.001‡ |
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| Total Crystalloid, ml | 10544 ± 765 (9070, 7409–12163) | 13802 ± 808 (12000, 9025–17837) | 15226 ± 1530 (12935, 8728–18683) | p<0.001‡ |
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| Worst Base Deficit | −9.2 ± 0.4 (−8.9, −11.6–(−6.4)) | −8.7 ± 0.6 (−8.0, −10–(−5.9)) | −10.6 ± 0.8 (−10.3, −13.8–(−6.0)) | p=0.456‡ |
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| Lowest Systolic BP, mmHg | 92.3 ± 3.0 (88, 80–108) | 88.3 ± 2.1 (87, 78–100) | 86.6 ± 3.0 (84, 77–97) | p=0.233‡ |
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| Outcomes | ||||
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| Survival | 100 % | 94% (67/4) | 83% (34/7) | p=0.002 |
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| Maximum Marshall Score | 3.0 ± 0.1 (3, 2–4) | 5.5 ± 0.3 (5, 3–7) | 8.8 ± 0.4 (8, 7–10) | p<0.001‡ |
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| Hospital Length of Stay, days | 15.2 ± 1.7 (12, 9–18) | 26 ± 1.7 (22, 17–33) | 35.8 ± 3.6 (30, 23–42) | p<0.001‡ |
| ICU Length of Stay, Days | 4.8 ± 0.4 (5, 3–6) | 12.3 ±0.7 (11, 8–15) | 25.1 ± 2.3 (21, 18–30) | p<0.001‡ |
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| Time to Recovery, days | 2.9 ± 0.1 (3, 2–4) | 10.0 ± 1.0 (5, 3–14) | 22.0 ± 0.9 (20, 18–28) | p<0.001† |
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| Noninfectious Complications | 5.5 % (3/52) | 64.8% (46/25) | 90.2 % (37/4) | p<0.001† |
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| Nosocomial Infections | 20.0 % (11/44) | 64.8% (46/25) | 85.4 % (35/6) | p<0.001† |
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| Surgical Site Infections | 7.3 % (4/51) | 22.5% (16/55) | 41.5 % (17/24) | p<0.001† |
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| Ventilator Associated Pneumonia, Cases/1000 vent days | 3.8 | 21.6 | 25.3 | p<0.001† |