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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 13.
Published in final edited form as: Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012 Aug 1;66(10):1082–1092. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.85

Table 7.

Meta-analysis of medium and highest versus lowest intake categories of fruits and vegetables and risk of diabetes

No. of
studies		 Type 2
diabetes Cases		 Reference
category		 Pooled RR (95%
CI), medium
category		 Pooled RR (95%
CI), high category		 Heterogeneity (I2),
%
Total fruit and vegetables1 5 19 123 1.00 0.97 (0.93, 1.00) 0.93 (0.87, 1.00) 10.1
Total fruit2 6 20 096 1.00 0.93 (0.84, 1.02) 0.92 (0.81, 1.02) 62.5
Total vegetables3 6 20 096 1.00 0.95 (0.88, 1.02) 0.89 (0.75, 1.03) 77.3
GLV4 5 18 955 1.00 0.92 (0.87, 0.97) 0.84 (0.74, 0.94) 50.4
Root vegetables5 3 14 043 1.00 0.80 (0.61, 0.99) 0.66 (0.26, 1.05) 97.1
1

Reference category= 2.0 portions/day; medium category= 5.0 portions/day; high category=8.0 portions/day

2

Reference category= 1.0 portions/day; medium category= 2.5 portions/day; high category=4.0 portions/day

3

Reference category= 1.0 portions/day; medium category= 3.0 portions/day; high category=5.0 portions/day

4

Reference category= 1.0 portions/week; medium category= 5.0 portions/week; high category=9.0 portions/week

5

Reference category= 0.0 portions/week; medium category= 2.0 portions/week; high category=4.0 portions/week