Figure 1.

Wind tunnel attraction of codling moth C. pomonella males (n = 50) to the main pheromone compound codlemone (released at 0.1 pg min⁻¹) and to plant volatiles (a) butyl hexanoate, (b) (E)-β-farnesene, (c) pear ester, at 1 and 100 pg min⁻¹. Grey lines show attraction to 1 : 1000 blends of codlemone with these plant volatiles. Landings at the source are significantly increased in response to each of these two-component blends, compared with pheromone alone (***p < 0.001, two-way ANOVA; butyl hexanoate F_4,45 = 45.0, β-farnesene F_4,45 = 23.75, pear ester F_4,45 = 24.08). Empty circles in the codlemone response curve show significant differences between codlemone and single plant volatiles alone (p < 0.0001, two-way ANOVA; butyl hexanoate F_4,45 = 23.35, β-farnesene F_4,45 = 53.96, pear ester F_4,45 = 20.68).