Table 1.
Demographic variation in incidence percentage and incidence rate of orofacial pain symptoms: OPPERA prospective cohort study: OPPERA prospective cohort study 2006-2011.
| Number of people | Risk of developing 0, 1, 2 or ≥3 episodes (1) of painful TMD symptoms (row % of people) | TMD symptom rate (episodes per 100 people per year) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic group | No episodes | 1 episode | 2 episodes | ≥3 episodes | P-value (2) | TMD symptom rate ratio and 95%CI (3) | |||
| All people | 2719 | 65.5 | 21.0 | 7.7 | 5.9 | 27.8 | |||
| Age (years) | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 18-24 | 1414 | 70.3 | 19.3 | 6.5 | 3.9 | 22.1 | ref (4) | ||
| 25-34 | 731 | 64.6 | 22.6 | 7.3 | 5.6 | 25.7 | 1.16 | 0.98, 1.39 | |
| 35-44 | 574 | 54.7 | 23.0 | 11.0 | 11.3 | 44 .6 | 2.02 | 1.69, 2.40 | |
| Gender | 0.007 | ||||||||
| Male | 1099 | 69.1 | 18.5 | 6.6 | 5.9 | 27.7 | ref | ||
| Female | 1620 | 63.0 | 22.7 | 8.4 | 5.9 | 27.9 | 1.01 | 0.86, 1.18 | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | 1444 | 65.8 | 22.2 | 7.2 | 4.9 | <0.001 | 23.3 | ref | |
| Black or African American | 754 | 59.2 | 21.2 | 10.3 | 9.3 | 46.0 | 1.97 | 1.68, 2.32 | |
| Asian | 255 | 78.8 | 14.1 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 16.1 | 0.69 | 0.50, 0.96 | |
| Hispanic | 177 | 71.2 | 19.2 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 19.8 | 0.85 | 0.62, 1.16 | |
| Other/not stated | 89 | 64.0 | 22.5 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 30.0 | 1.29 | 0.85, 1.94 | |
| Lifetime US residence | |||||||||
| Yes, United States | 2223 | 63.0 | 22.5 | 8.1 | 6.4 | <0.001 | 30.1 | ref | |
| No, lived elsewhere | 450 | 76.9 | 13.8 | 6.2 | 3.1 | 16.4 | 0.54 | 0.43, 0.68 | |
| Not stated | 46 | 73.9 | 15.2 | 2.2 | 8.7 | 34.1 | 1.13 | 0.59, 2.18 | |
1.An episode is defined by location (pain in the cheeks, jaw muscles, temples or jaw joints not including a headache, toothache or ear infection) and duration (pain in that location lasting at least 5 consecutive days per month for at least one month in the quarterly reporting period). Data are from 25,103 quarterly questionnaires completed by 2,719 people over a median 2.3 follow-up period in the OPPERA prospective cohort study.
2.P-value is from Chi-square test for contingency tables testing null hypothesis of no association between demographic characteristic and four categories of symptom episodes
3.95% confidence limits that exclude the null value of 1.0 signify a demographic group with a statistically significantly different rate compared to the reference group denoted by “ref”.
4.Reference group used to compute rate ratios.