(a) The major allele (HCP5 WT) or the minor allele (HCP5 mut) of HCP5 cDNA was transiently transfected into TZM-bl cells and subjected to HIV-1 infection with four different HIV-1 viruses (SF162* is the pseudovirus, SF162 and BG1168 are the primary isolates and MN is the T-cell-line-adapted virus). HIV-1 infectivity was measured for early-stage HIV-1 infection by luciferase activity as expressed relative light unit (RLU). Negative controls were TZM-bl cells with no transfection (No Tx) or with an empty vector (Vector) (, no Tx; , vector; , HCPS WT; , HCPS mut). (b) HIV-1 antigen p24 peptide was measured from culture media in SF162-infected TZM-bl cells stably expressing HCP5 alleles, GFP or TRIM5α (from rhesus monkeys) along with control TZM-bl cells at infection days 3, 6 and 9. (, TZM-bl; , GFP; , HCP5 WT; , HCP5 mut; , TRIM5α) (c) Culture supernatants from the infection day 6 were added to fresh TZM-bl cells for a second round of infectivity for 48 h (, p24; , infectivity). Shown are the results of a representative experiment from three independent experiments.