Table 2.
Obsessive compulsive symptoms
| Author, Year | Study Type | Sample Size | Findings | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meares, 1971 | Case control | 32 spasmodic torticollis Healthy controls (unspecified N) |
ST had higher than expected obsessional personality traits but not symptoms. | Obsession correlated with neuroticism. |
| Bindman, 1977 | Case series | 10 writer’s cramp | 9 of 10 WC had obsessive personalities. | |
| Mathews, 1978 | Case series | 29 spasmodic torticollis | Neuroticism, obsessional symptoms, intropunitive hostility unchanged from general population. | 23/29 with “adverse social effects” and 9/21 with mod-severe marital discord |
| Bihari, 1992 | Retrospective case control | 21 blepharospasm 19 healthy controls |
BL patients had higher scores on obsessive compulsive inventory. | Did not assess for clinical OCD. |
| Broocks, 1998 | Case series | 13 blepharospasm 13 hemifacial spasm |
Significantly more obsessive-compulsive symptoms in BL group than HFS group. | |
| Kubota, 2001 | Retrospective case control | 12 writer’s cramp 12 disease control (including CTS) 12 healthy controls |
WC had significantly higher obsessive compulsive symptoms score than either control group. | There were no differences between diseased and healthy controls. |
| Cavallaro, 2002 | Case series | 76 idiopathic focal dystonia | 19.7% satisfied DSM-IV criteria for OCD. Morbidity risk for first degree family members of OCD pts was 13.8%, significantly higher than general population. | |
| Heiman, 2007 | Case Control | 96 manifesting carriers of DYT1 60 non-manifesting carriers of DYT1 65 healthy controls |
No difference in OCD or obsessive-compulsive symptoms between controls and carriers. | 1st study examining OCD specifically in DYT1 carriers |
| Saunders- Pullman, 2002 | Case control | 16 manifesting carriers of DYT 11 11 non-manifesting carriers of DYT 11 28 non carriers |
Rate of OCD higher in carriers (5/27) than noncarriers (0/28) and greater in symptomatic (4/16) than nonsymptomatic (1/11). | |
| Hess, 2007 | Retrospective Case Control | 20 manifesting carriers of DYT11 10 non-manifesting carriers of DYT11 34 healthy controls |
Increased rate of OCD, EtOH dependence among MC group, not NMC group. |
BL-blepharospasm; CTS-carpal tunnel syndrome; HC- healthy controls; HFS – hemifacial spasm; IFD – idiopathic focal dystonia; MC – manifesting carriers; NMC – nonmanifesting carriers; OCD-obsessive compulsive disorder; QOL – quality of life; ST- spasmodic torticollis; WC-writer’s cramp