Table 5.
Time-dependent Cox regression analysis for risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis
|
Variables |
Univariate |
Multivariate |
Multivariate with ICS |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pvalue | HR (95% CI) | pvalue | HR (95% CI) | pvalue | HR (95% CI) | |
| Age (per 10 years) |
<0.001 |
1.46 (1.38–1.54) |
<0.001 |
1.42 (1.35–1.50) |
<0.001 |
1.42 (1.35–1.50) |
| Male |
<0.001 |
2.28 (1.90–2.73) |
<0.001 |
2.06 (1.71–2.47) |
<0.001 |
2.06 (1.71–2.47) |
| Diabetes mellitus |
0.001 |
1.54 (1.26–1.88) |
0.035 |
1.24 (1.02–1.52) |
0.034 |
1.25 (1.02–1.53) |
| Oral corticosteroids* |
<0.001 |
1.29 (1.15–1.44) |
0.011 |
1.18 (1.04–1.33) |
0.017 |
1.17 (1.03–1.32) |
| Oral β-agonists (per 30 DDD) |
<0.001 |
1.06 (1.04–1.07) |
0.005 |
1.05 (1.02–1.09) |
0.006 |
1.05 (1.01–1.09) |
| ICS# |
0.020 |
1.01 (1.00–1.02) |
|
|
0.245 |
1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
| Low income | <0.001 | 2.04 (1.36–3.06) | 0.004 | 1.82 (1.21–2.73) | 0.004 | 1.82 (1.21–2.74) |
HR: hazard ratio; DDD: defined daily dose; CI: confidence interval; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids. *Oral corticosteroids were converted to the equivalent dose of prednisolone 1 gram. #ICS were converted to the equivalent dose of budesonide 24 mg.
Time-dependent Cox regression analysis for factors possibly associated with the development of active tuberculosis in cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease selected under scenario 5.