Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics of Reviewed SCED Characteristics
| N | Subjects | Observer ratings | Diary/EMA | Baseline observations6 | Method of analysis (%)7 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||||
| M | SD | Range | % | IRR | % | Mean | SD | Range | Visual | Statistical | Visual & statistical | Not reported | ||
| Research design1 | ||||||||||||||
| •Alternating condition | 26 | 4.77 | 3.34 | 1–17 | 84.6 | 95.5 | 3.8 | 8.44 | 9.50 | 2–39 | 23.1 | 7.7 | 19.2 | 46.2 |
| •Changing/shifting criterion | 18 | 1.94 | 1.06 | 1–4 | 77.8 | 85.7 | 0.0 | 5.29 | 2.93 | 2–10 | 27.8 | —8 | — | — |
| •Multiple baseline/combined series | 283 | 7.29 | 18.08 | 1–200 | 75.6 | 98.1 | 7.1 | 10.40 | 8.84 | 2–89 | 21.6 | 13.4 | 6.4 | 55.8 |
| •Reversal | 703 | 6.64 | 10.64 | 1–75 | 78.6 | 100.0 | 4.3 | 11.69 | 13.78 | 1–72 | 17.1 | 12.9 | 5.7 | 62.9 |
| •Simultaneous condition | 24 | 8 | — | — | 50.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 2.00 | — | — | 50.0 | 50.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| •Time-series | 105 | 26.78 | 35.43 | 2–114 | 50.0 | 40.0 | 10.0 | 6.21 | 2.59 | 3–10 | 0.0 | 70.0 | 30.0 | 0.0 |
| Mixed designs2 | ||||||||||||||
| •Multiple baseline with reversal | 12 | 6.89 | 8.24 | 1–32 | 92.9 | 100.0 | 7.1 | 13.01 | 9.59 | 3–33 | 14.3 | 21.4 | 0.0 | 64.3 |
| •Multiple baseline with changing criterion | 6 | 3.17 | 1.33 | 1–5 | 83.3 | 80.0 | 16.7 | 11.00 | 9.61 | 5–30 | — | —8 | — | — |
| •Multiple baseline with time-series | 6 | 5.00 | 1.79 | 3–8 | 16.7 | 100.0 | 50.0 | 17.30 | 15.68 | 4–42 | 0.0 | 66.7 | 16.7 | 16.7 |
| Total of reviewed studies | 409 | 6.63 | 14.61 | 1–200 | 76.0 | 97.1 | 6.1 | 10.22 | 9.59 | 1–89 | 20.8 | 13.9 | 7.3 | 52.3 |
Note. % refers to the proportion of reviewed studies that satisfied criteria for this code: For example, the percent of studies reporting observer ratings.
The categories in the “Research design” subsection are the primary designs identified by the authors.
Categories in the “Mixed designs” subsection are included in the “Research design” subsection. Only the 3 most prevalent mixed designs are reported.
One study of 624 subjects was excluded from the calculation of the number of subjects because it was a significant outlier.
Similarly, one study with 500 subjects and one study with 950 subjects were excluded from the number of subject analyses for the simultaneous condition and time-series designs, respectively. This resulted in only one simultaneous condition study, which is why no standard deviation or range is reported.
Because of reporting inconsistencies in the reviewed articles, the mean number of baseline observations for each study was first calculated and then combined and reported in this table.
In contrast to the results reported in text, the findings here are based on the total number of studies and are not divided into those that reported an analysis and those that did not. Visual and statistical analyses are not applicable to most studies using changing criterion designs. However, some authors reported using visual analysis methods.