Figure 1. Effects of chronic intermittent ethanol (• and ▾) or saline (□ and ▵) exposure during adolescence or adulthood (respectively), on working memory (panel A) and reference memory (panel B) over the 1st 14 days of training in the initial ‘Win-Shift’ phase of RAM testing.

The number of working memory (p<0.05) and reference memory (p<0.05) errors decreased across days. The effect of Age and Pre-Treatment were not significant. The histogram insets illustrate the overall effect (i.e., cumulative over all sessions) of ethanol (black bars) and saline (white bars) on working (panel C) and reference (panel D) memory errors. Data are expressed as means ±SEM (n = 9 adolescent saline, n = 9 adolescent CIE, n = 8 young-adult saline, n = 8 young-adult CIE, n = 8 adult saline, n = 8 adult CIE).