Table 2. Congestive heart failure outcome definitions and follow up data in the prospective cohort studies included in the meta-analysis.

Study	CHF outcome definition	N total	Follow-up	N cases	Person-yearfollow-up	Event rates	Adjusted factors	Studyquality
			years			per 1000person-years
Verwoert 2008	Documented CHF (coded asI-50 for ICD-10, validatedusing European Heart failureguidelines) from GP, CHFhospitalization/death	5064	6.6	571	33422	17.1	Age, sex, smoking, use ofantihypertensive medications,BMI, SBP, DBP, DM, TCand HDL-C	9
Fedorowski 2010	CHF hospitalization (coded as428 for ICD-9 or I-50 or I-11.0for ICD-10) documented bynational hospital dischargeregistry	32669	24.0	1293	784056	1.7	Age, sex, smoking, use ofantihypertensive medications,BMI, SBP, DBP, DM and TC	9
Lin 2011	CHF hospitalization documentedby medical records anddischarge diagnosis byattending physicians	1174	1.0	19	1174	16.2	Age, sex, smoking, restingHR, BMI, SBP, DBP, DM,TC and prevalent CAD	7
Jones 2012	CHF hospitalization/death(coded as 428 for ICD-9or I-50 for ICD-10)documented by hospitaldischarge registry or deathcertificate	12363	17.5	1720	216353	8.0	Age, sex, race, smoking, alcoholuse, educational level, restingHR, BMI, SBP, DM, HTN,LVH and prevalent CAD	9

Quality of the included studies were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (range, 1∼9 stars). OH, orthostatic hypotension; CHF, congestive heart failure; GP, general practitioners; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, heart rate; CAD, coronary artery disease; HTN, hypertension; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.