Table 1. Baseline patient demographics, echocardiographic characteristics, and adipose tissue measurements of the 173 subjects included in the study.
| Control Subjects | Case Subjects | ||
| Baseline characteristics | (n = 114) | (n = 59) | P |
| Age (years) | 54.3±8.6 | 57.5±7.2 | 0.015 |
| Women (n) | 42 | 25 | 0.51 |
| Smokers (n) | 34 | 15 | 0.59 |
| HTN (n) | 68 | 45 | 0.04 |
| DM (n) | 42 | 28 | 0.19 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 96.2±19.5 | 97.3±11.8 | 0.69 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 187.3±41.7 | 194.4±33.9 | 0.26 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 46.8±12.3 | 49.6±9.8 | 0.14 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 122.9±23.5 | 129.3±32.3 | 0.13 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 125.3±85.3 | 142.4±96.1 | 0.23 |
| Height (cm) | 163±5.9 | 162±6.5 | 0.30 |
| Body weight (kg) | 64±6.3 | 69±7.2 | 0.0002 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24±3.6 | 26±3.1 | 0.0004 |
| TNF-α (pg/nL) | 8.8±3.9 | 15.6±5.3 | <0.0001 |
| IL-6 (pg/nL) | 21.6±4.2 | 36.2±3.8 | <0.0001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.73±0.72 | 5.91±0.81 | 0.13 |
| HOMA | 2.31±1.24 | 2.44±1.31 | 0.52 |
| Primary renal diagnosis | |||
| DM | 39 | 23 | 0.61 |
| CGN | 34 | 15 | 0.59 |
| Others | 41 | 21 | 0.87 |
| Time on PD (hr) | 18.9±1.6 | 19.1±1.3 | 0.46 |
| Kt/V | 1.72±0.34 | 1.91±0.25 | 0.57 |
| Residual renal function (ml/min) | 1.94±0.31 | 2.31±0.22 | 0.25 |
| Echocardiographic characteristics | |||
| Interventricular septum thickness | 9.1±1.1 | 9.6±1.9 | 0.029 |
| LV posterior wall thickness | 9.6±1.2 | 10.2±1.6 | 0.006 |
| LV end diastolic diameter | 47.2±5.6 | 49.8±6.3 | 0.009 |
| LV end systolic diameter | 29.2±4.6 | 31.2±3.7 | 0.004 |
| LA diameter | 32.6±6.5 | 37.3±5.8 | <0.0001 |
| LV ejection fraction | 64.4±7.9 | 66.2±9.1 | 0.17 |
| E | 79.3±12.3 | 75.6±15.6 | 0.08 |
| A | 58.6±15.8 | 85.5±14.1 | <0.0001 |
| E/A | 1.43±0.49 | 0.91±0.33 | <0.0001 |
| DT | 198.1±42.6 | 231.4±49.8 | <0.0001 |
| Em | 11.6±3.2 | 7.3±2.9 | <0.0001 |
| E/Em | 7.2±3.5 | 12.1±3.8 | <0.0001 |
| LV mass index | 48.1±26.7 | 42.2±27.2 | 0.18 |
| Grade I diastolic dysfunction | 0 | 27 | – |
| Grade II diastolic dysfunction | 0 | 23 | – |
| Grade III diastolic dysfunction | 0 | 9 | – |
| Adipose tissue distribution | |||
| Total fat (cm2) | 242.7±87.2 | 318.6±95.1 | <0.0001 |
| Subcutaneous fat (cm2) | 172.6±64.1 | 179.2±67.4 | 0.52 |
| Visceral fat (cm2) | 70.1±32.9 | 139.4±47.3 | <0.0001 |
| Peritoneal fat (cm2) | 41.9±28.3 | 74.6±32.8 | <0.0001 |
| Retroperitoneal fat (cm2) | 29.20±17.77 | 64.8±28.6 | <0.0001 |
| Visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio | 0.41±0.31 | 0.77±0.43 | <0.0001 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumflex; DM, diabetes; HTN, hypertension; HOMA, homeostasis model of insulin resistance; TNF-α, tissue necrosis factor-alpha; IL-6, interleukin-6; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; PD, peritoneal dialysis; kt/v, k- dialyzer clearance of urea, t-dialysis time, v-volume of distribution of urea, approximately equal to patient's total body water; LA, left atrial diameter; LV, left ventricular; E, mitral inflow E wave; A, mitral inflow A wave; DT, mitral inflow deceleration time; Em, Peak annular early diastolic velocity of the lateral mitral annulus in tissue Doppler imaging; IVRT, interventricular relaxation time.