Table 2.
Univariable associations of host and viral factors with persistent CIN at 12 months*
| Persistent CIN/Total (%) | RR (95% CI) | P value† | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
|
Baseline Demographic and Lifestyle Factors
| |||
| Age | |||
| < 25 | 28 / 66 (42.4) | 1 | 0.169 |
| 25–34 | 26 / 82 (31.7) | 0.75 (0.48 – 1.14) | |
| ≥ 35 | 18 / 58 (31.0) | 0.73 (0.44 – 1.16) | |
|
| |||
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 49 / 131 (37.4) | 1 | |
| Black | 18 / 61 (29.5) | 0.79 (0.49 – 1.20) | 0.298 |
| White | 5 / 14 (35.7) | 0.95 (0.38 – 1.75) | 0.902 |
|
| |||
| Education | |||
| ≥ High school | 34 / 125 (27.2) | 1 | |
| < High school | 38 / 81 (46.9) | 1.72 (1.19 – 2.51) | 0.004 |
|
| |||
| Current smoker | |||
| No | 57 / 163 (35.0) | 1 | |
| Yes | 15 / 43 (34.9) | 1.00 (0.60 – 1.52) | 0.992 |
|
| |||
| Current use of oral contraceptives | |||
| No | 57 / 169 (33.7) | 1 | |
| Yes | 15 / 37 (40.5) | 1.20 (0.73 – 1.81) | 0.417 |
|
| |||
| Previous history of CIN | |||
| No | 59 / 176 (33.5) | 1 | |
| Yes | 12 / 28 (42.9) | 1.28 (0.74 – 1.96) | 0.311 |
|
| |||
| Age of menarche | |||
| ≥ 13 | 31 / 115 (27.0) | 1 | |
| < 13 | 38 / 87 (43.7) | 1.61 (1.11 – 2.38) | 0.014 |
|
| |||
| Age at first vaginal sex | |||
| > 16 | 38 / 115 (33.0) | 1 | |
| ≤16 | 34 / 90 (37.8) | 1.14 (0.78 – 1.66) | 0.480 |
|
| |||
| Lifetime # of men for vaginal sex | |||
| 0–2 | 26 / 64 (40.6) | 1 | 0.524 |
| 3–4 | 18 / 64 (28.1) | 0.69 (0.41 – 1.12) | |
| ≥ 5 | 27 / 77 (35.1) | 0.86 (0.56 – 1.33) | |
|
| |||
| # of men for vaginal sex in last 6 months | |||
| 0–1 | 62 / 176 (35.2) | 1 | |
| ≥ 2 | 10 / 29 (34.5) | 0.98 (0.53 – 1.58) | 0.938 |
|
| |||
|
Mean Levels of Mirconutrients over 12 Months
| |||
| RBC folate in tertiles (ng/mL) | |||
| Low (≤ 280.1) | 20 / 62 (32.3) | 1 | 0.750 |
| Medium (280.2–373.6) | 31 / 74 (41.9) | 1.30 (0.84 – 2.08) | |
| High (> 373.6) | 21 / 70 (30.0) | 0.93 (0.56 – 1.56) | |
|
| |||
| Plasma levels of reduced ascorbic acid in tertiles (mg/dL) | |||
| Low (≤ 0.45) | 28 / 77 (36.4) | 1 | 0.325 |
| Medium (0.46–0.60) | 13 / 59 (22.0) | 0.61 (0.33 – 1.04) | |
| High (> 0.60) | 31 / 70 (44.3) | 1.22 (0.82 – 1.83) | |
|
| |||
|
Baseline Histology Factor
| |||
| Abnormal mitosis on initial biopsy | |||
| No | 61 / 185 (33.0) | 1 | |
| Yes | 9 / 15 (60.0) | 1.82 (1.03 – 2.69) | 0.011 |
|
| |||
|
Viral Factors at baseline and over 12 months
| |||
| HPV at baseline | |||
| Neg | 19 / 65 (29.2) | 1 | |
| Pos | 50 / 134 (37.3) | 1.28 (0.84 – 2.04) | 0.274 |
|
| |||
| Proportion of HPV positive visits over 12 months | |||
| 0% | 9 / 42 (21.4) | 1 | 0.003 |
| 1–49% | 19 / 60 (31.7) | 1.48 (0.77 – 3.13) | |
| 50–74% | 5 / 21 (23.8) | 1.11 (0.38 – 2.81) | |
| ≥75% | 37 / 76 (48.7) | 2.27 (1.29 – 4.60) | |
|
| |||
| # visits seropositive for VLP16 IgG over 12 months | |||
| 0 | 36 / 100 (36.0) | 1 | 0.875 |
| 1–3 | 9 / 32 (28.1) | 0.78 (0.39 – 1.36) | |
| 4–5 | 11 / 27 (40.7) | 1.13 (0.63 – 1.83) | |
*
Total number of subjects may not add up to 206 due to missing questionnaire data at baseline, indeterminate HPV results at a particular visit, or incomplete follow-up.
†
For ordinal variables, p values for linear trend are presented.