Abstract
We sequenced the 5'-coding region of the human c-src gene, exons 2 through 5, corresponding to one-third of the human c-src protein consisting of 536 amino acids. Sequence analysis of the src type of protein kinases revealed that the amino-terminal region encoded by exon 2 contains sequences specific for the src proteins and raised the possibility that this region is involved in the recognition of a src-specific substrate(s) or receptor(s).
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Anderson S. K., Gibbs C. P., Tanaka A., Kung H. J., Fujita D. J. Human cellular src gene: nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid sequence of the region coding for the carboxy-terminal two-thirds of pp60c-src. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 May;5(5):1122–1129. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.5.1122. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Barker W. C., Dayhoff M. O. Viral src gene products are related to the catalytic chain of mammalian cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 May;79(9):2836–2839. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.9.2836. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bishop J. M. Viral oncogenes. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):23–38. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80098-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bolen J. B., Rosen N., Israel M. A. Increased pp60c-src tyrosyl kinase activity in human neuroblastomas is associated with amino-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of the src gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(21):7275–7279. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.21.7275. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bolen J. B., Thiele C. J., Israel M. A., Yonemoto W., Lipsich L. A., Brugge J. S. Enhancement of cellular src gene product associated tyrosyl kinase activity following polyoma virus infection and transformation. Cell. 1984 Oct;38(3):767–777. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90272-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brugge J. S., Cotton P. C., Queral A. E., Barrett J. N., Nonner D., Keane R. W. Neurones express high levels of a structurally modified, activated form of pp60c-src. Nature. 1985 Aug 8;316(6028):554–557. doi: 10.1038/316554a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brugge J. S., Erikson R. L. Identification of a transformation-specific antigen induced by an avian sarcoma virus. Nature. 1977 Sep 22;269(5626):346–348. doi: 10.1038/269346a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Brugge J., Yonemoto W., Darrow D. Interaction between the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein and two cellular phosphoproteins: analysis of the turnover and distribution of this complex. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Jan;3(1):9–19. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.1.9. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carr S. A., Biemann K., Shoji S., Parmelee D. C., Titani K. n-Tetradecanoyl is the NH2-terminal blocking group of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine cardiac muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Oct;79(20):6128–6131. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.20.6128. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Collett M. S., Belzer S. K., Purchio A. F. Structurally and functionally modified forms of pp60v-src in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cell lysates. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Jul;4(7):1213–1220. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.7.1213. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Collett M. S., Erikson E., Purchio A. F., Brugge J. S., Erikson R. L. A normal cell protein similar in structure and function to the avian sarcoma virus transforming gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jul;76(7):3159–3163. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.7.3159. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Collett M. S., Erikson R. L. Protein kinase activity associated with the avian sarcoma virus src gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Apr;75(4):2021–2024. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.4.2021. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cross F. R., Garber E. A., Hanafusa H. N-terminal deletions in Rous sarcoma virus p60src: effects on tyrosine kinase and biological activities and on recombination in tissue culture with the cellular src gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2789–2795. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fujita D. J., Bechberger J., Nedic I. Four Rous sarcoma virus mutants which affect transformed cell morphology exhibit altered src gene products. Virology. 1981 Oct 15;114(1):256–260. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90272-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Garber E. A., Cross F. R., Hanafusa H. Processing of p60v-src to its myristylated membrane-bound form. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2781–2788. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2781. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gibbs C. P., Tanaka A., Anderson S. K., Radul J., Baar J., Ridgway A., Kung H. J., Fujita D. J. Isolation and structural mapping of a human c-src gene homologous to the transforming gene (v-src) of Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1985 Jan;53(1):19–24. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.1.19-24.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gould K. L., Woodgett J. R., Cooper J. A., Buss J. E., Shalloway D., Hunter T. Protein kinase C phosphorylates pp60src at a novel site. Cell. 1985 Oct;42(3):849–857. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90281-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Henderson L. E., Krutzsch H. C., Oroszlan S. Myristyl amino-terminal acylation of murine retrovirus proteins: an unusual post-translational proteins modification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jan;80(2):339–343. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.2.339. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hunter T., Sefton B. M. Transforming gene product of Rous sarcoma virus phosphorylates tyrosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Mar;77(3):1311–1315. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.3.1311. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Iba H., Cross F. R., Garber E. A., Hanafusa H. Low level of cellular protein phosphorylation by nontransforming overproduced p60c-src. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 May;5(5):1058–1066. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.5.1058. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Iba H., Takeya T., Cross F. R., Hanafusa T., Hanafusa H. Rous sarcoma virus variants that carry the cellular src gene instead of the viral src gene cannot transform chicken embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4424–4428. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4424. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kitamura N., Kitamura A., Toyoshima K., Hirayama Y., Yoshida M. Avian sarcoma virus Y73 genome sequence and structural similarity of its transforming gene product to that of Rous sarcoma virus. Nature. 1982 May 20;297(5863):205–208. doi: 10.1038/297205a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kitamura N., Yoshida M. Small deletion in src of Rous sarcoma virus modifying transformation phenotypes: identification of 207-nucleotide deletion and its smaller product with protein kinase activity. J Virol. 1983 Jun;46(3):985–992. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.3.985-992.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kozak M. Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):857–872. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.2.857. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lipsich L. A., Cutt J. R., Brugge J. S. Association of the transforming proteins of Rous, Fujinami, and Y73 avian sarcoma viruses with the same two cellular proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Jul;2(7):875–880. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.7.875. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marth J. D., Peet R., Krebs E. G., Perlmutter R. M. A lymphocyte-specific protein-tyrosine kinase gene is rearranged and overexpressed in the murine T cell lymphoma LSTRA. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(2 Pt 1):393–404. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90169-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Messing J., Vieira J. A new pair of M13 vectors for selecting either DNA strand of double-digest restriction fragments. Gene. 1982 Oct;19(3):269–276. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90016-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ozols J., Carr S. A., Strittmatter P. Identification of the NH2-terminal blocking group of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase as myristic acid and the complete amino acid sequence of the membrane-binding domain. J Biol Chem. 1984 Nov 10;259(21):13349–13354. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parker R. C., Mardon G., Lebo R. V., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Isolation of duplicated human c-src genes located on chromosomes 1 and 20. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Apr;5(4):831–838. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.4.831. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Parker R. C., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Expression of v-src and chicken c-src in rat cells demonstrates qualitative differences between pp60v-src and pp60c-src. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):131–139. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90308-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pellman D., Garber E. A., Cross F. R., Hanafusa H. Fine structural mapping of a critical NH2-terminal region of p60src. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(6):1623–1627. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.6.1623. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sabran J. L., Hsu T. W., Yeater C., Kaji A., Mason W. S., Taylor J. M. Analysis of integrated avian RNA tumor virus DNA in transformed chicken, duck and quail fibroblasts. J Virol. 1979 Jan;29(1):170–178. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.1.170-178.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schultz A. M., Henderson L. E., Oroszlan S., Garber E. A., Hanafusa H. Amino terminal myristylation of the protein kinase p60src, a retroviral transforming protein. Science. 1985 Jan 25;227(4685):427–429. doi: 10.1126/science.3917576. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sefton B. M., Trowbridge I. S., Cooper J. A., Scolnick E. M. The transforming proteins of Rous sarcoma virus, Harvey sarcoma virus and Abelson virus contain tightly bound lipid. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(2 Pt 1):465–474. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90139-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sefton B. M., Walter G. Antiserum specific for the carboxy terminus of the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1982 Nov;44(2):467–474. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.2.467-474.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shalloway D., Coussens P. M., Yaciuk P. Overexpression of the c-src protein does not induce transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):7071–7075. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7071. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Simon M. A., Drees B., Kornberg T., Bishop J. M. The nucleotide sequence and the tissue-specific expression of Drosophila c-src. Cell. 1985 Oct;42(3):831–840. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90279-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Steele R. E. Two divergent cellular src genes are expressed in Xenopus laevis. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Mar 11;13(5):1747–1761. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.5.1747. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stehelin D., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M., Vogt P. K. DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA. Nature. 1976 Mar 11;260(5547):170–173. doi: 10.1038/260170a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Takeya T., Feldman R. A., Hanafusa H. DNA sequence of the viral and cellular src gene of chickens. 1. Complete nucleotide sequence of an EcoRI fragment of recovered avian sarcoma virus which codes for gp37 and pp60src. J Virol. 1982 Oct;44(1):1–11. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.1.1-11.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Takeya T., Hanafusa H. Structure and sequence of the cellular gene homologous to the RSV src gene and the mechanism for generating the transforming virus. Cell. 1983 Mar;32(3):881–890. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90073-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tamura T., Bauer H., Birr C., Pipkorn R. Antibodies against synthetic peptides as a tool for functional analysis of the transforming protein pp60src. Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):587–596. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90391-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tanaka A., Fujita D. J. Expression of a molecularly cloned human c-src oncogene by using a replication-competent retroviral vector. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):3900–3909. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.11.3900. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Voronova A. F., Sefton B. M. Expression of a new tyrosine protein kinase is stimulated by retrovirus promoter insertion. Nature. 1986 Feb 20;319(6055):682–685. doi: 10.1038/319682a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang L. H., Halpern C. C., Nadel M., Hanafusa H. Recombination between viral and cellular sequences generates transforming sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Dec;75(12):5812–5816. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.12.5812. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weinberg R. A. The action of oncogenes in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Science. 1985 Nov 15;230(4727):770–776. doi: 10.1126/science.2997917. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilkerson V. W., Bryant D. L., Parsons J. T. Rous sarcoma virus variants that encode src proteins with an altered carboxy terminus are defective for cellular transformation. J Virol. 1985 Aug;55(2):314–321. doi: 10.1128/jvi.55.2.314-321.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yonemoto W., Jarvis-Morar M., Brugge J. S., Bolen J. B., Israel M. A. Tyrosine phosphorylation within the amino-terminal domain of pp60c-src molecules associated with polyoma virus middle-sized tumor antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(14):4568–4572. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.14.4568. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]