Table 1.
Summary subjects findings, surgical treatment, outcome.
| Case | Age (Yr/Mo) | Presurgical etiology | Seizure type | EEG/MEG findings | VS spike locations | Intralobar timing (ms) | Intrahem timing (ms) | Interhem timing (ms) | Phase II ictal onset | Surgery | Outcome | Pathological report |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 16 Y 1 M | TS | CPS | Spikes | L FP; L Ant T; R F; L F; L Ant T | +; <10*; 63 | +; <10*; 50 | +; <20*; 40; 50 | L FP; L Ant F; L T | L ant F; L T | Seizure free 2 Y | TS |
| 2 | 7 Y 8 M | UNK | CPS | Spike burst | R Ins; R Mes Sup P; R Post Sup F; R Mes Sup P; R Post Sup F; R Ins | – | +; 80; 240; 260; 300 | – | R Sup T; R Inf P; R Ant P (spread slow also on ECoG) | R temp; R parietal | Seizures; hemispherotomy; seizure free 2 Y | Diffuse cortical dysplasia |
| 3 | 2 Y 5 M | L P O cortical dysplasia | CPS? tonic, atonic, myoclonic | Diffuse burst | L P-O; L Post F; R P; R Post F | – | +; 43 | +; 43; 173 | L P-O | L P; L O; L Post T | Seizure free 2 Y | Focal cortical dysplasia, Palmini Type IIa, IIb |
| 4 | 15 Y 7 M | S/P R F tumor resection | CPS | Spikes, sharp waves | R F (posterior and mesial to resection);R P | +20 | +; 100 | R sup F; R mid F; R inf F; R mid T | R F | Seizures; vid/EEG bilateral spikes, some seizures R hemisphere | – | |
| 5a | 8 Y 8 M preop | UNK | L facial twitching, myoclonic tonic | Spikes, sharp waves | R Ant P; R Post P; L P; L Post F; L Post F; L P | +10 | +; 33 | +; 62 | R sup post F; R sup ant P | R F | Seizures | – |
| 5b | Postop | UNK | Seizure onset changed side | Spikes seen on MEG only | L Post F; L P | – | +; <10 | – | ND, family declined | ND | Seizures | ND |
| 6 | 1 Y 10 M | Encephalitis | CPS | Spikes Diff burst | L P; R P | +; 13; 26 | +; 39 | +; 26 | Nophase II, not a candidate | Callosotomy | Stopped drop attacks | – |
| 7 | 17 Y 7 M | TS | Bilateral tonic “shudder” of arms | Interictal and ictal bursts | L F; R F | + | + | + | No phase II, chose not to have surgery | ND | Seizures continue | ND |
L, left; R, right; FP, frontopolar; F, frontal; T, temporal; P, parietal; O, occipital; Ins, insula; oper, operculum; ant, anterior; post, posterior; sup, superior; inf, inferior; mes, mesial; lat, lateral; intrahem, intrahemispheric; interhem, interhemispheric; VS, virtual sensor; CPS, complex partial seizure. S/P, status post; Y, years; M, months; +, present; –, absent; ms, milliseconds; diff, diffuse; UNK, unknown; TS, tuberous sclerosis; ND, not done.
*A small amplitude deflection was seen shortly after VS spike at earliest VS location although the most prominent VS spike occurred at later timing.