Appendix Table 3.

Intensive care unit clinical course

	Culture Confirmed Clinical Bacterial Coinfection (72 hrs) (n = 154)	All Presumed Bacterial Coinfection (72 hrs) (n = 207)
Number still in intensive care unit
Baseline	154	207
Day 3	131	176
Day 7	92	121
Day 14	53	67
% on mechanical ventilation
Baseline	69	63
Day 3	79	73
Day 7	83	81
Day 14	85	84
Ventilator parameters
Positive end-expiratory   pressure (sd), cm H2O
Day 3	11.8 ± 6.3	12.3 ± 6.9
Day 7	12.2 ± 6.8	12.1 ± 6.7
Day 14	12.0 ± 7.4	12.1 ± 7.2
Pao2 /Fio2 (sd)
Baseline	153 ± 119	154 ± 119
Day 3	152 ± 103	154 ± 99
Day 7	152 ± 110	177 ± 125
Day 14	165 ± 97	169 ± 96
Spo2/Fio2 (sd)
Baseline	154 ± 123	145 ± 116
Day 3	169 ± 106	176 ± 107
Day 7	183 ± 98	181 ± 92
Day 14	166 ± 88	180 ± 88
% on dialysis
Day 3	10	11
Day 7	11	13
Day 14	15	15
% on vasopressors
Baseline	23	21
Day 3	25	27
Day 7	12	15
Day 14	15	15
Creatinine (sd), mg/dL
Baseline	1.6 ± 1.7	1.7 ± 1.7
Day 3	1.6 ± 1.5	1.7 ± 1.5
Day 7	1.6 ± 2.1	1.6 ± 1.9
Day 14	1.7 ± 1.8	1.6 ± 1.7
Total bilirubin (sd), mg/dL
Baseline	1.1 ± 1.4	1.1 ± 1.9
Day 3	1.4 ± 1.8	1.3 ± 1.8
Day 7	1.4 ± 2.2	1.8 ± 3.7
Day 14	1.8 ± 3.6	2.8 ± 6.1
Platelets (sd), × 103/mm3
Baseline	196 ± 102	193 ± 102
Day 3	178 ± 100	173 ± 97
Day 7	248 ± 127	248 ± 136
Day 14	305 ± 199	297 ± 198
Total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (sd)
Baseline	7.1 ± 3.6	6.9 ± 3.7
Day 3	7.8 ± 4.0	7.7 ± 4.2
Day 7	7.2 ± 3.0	7.1 ± 3.2
Day 14	7.3 ± 3.8	7.4 ± 3.7

Sensitivity analysis with coinfection group limited to only patients with documented positive cultures from blood or respiratory secretions to all presumed bacterial coinfected patients.