Figure 7.

Schematic figure illustrating the signaling pathway activation with high tidal volume mechanical ventilation. Mechanical stretch-induced cytokine production and EMT were attenuated with lum^−/− mice and pharmacologic inhibition of ERK1/2 activity by PD98059. EMT = epithelial-mesenchymal transition; VILI = ventilator-induced lung injury. See Figure 1 and 6 legends for expansion of other abbreviations.