FIG. 3.
Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores and spontaneous [Ca2+]i transients in P7 hESC NPs. (A, B) Confocal images of P7 hESC NPs. (A) Ryanodine receptor (RyR) 1 and (B) RyR 3 receptors are present in all cells and are co-localized with immunostaining for βIII tubulin. Scale bars=20 μm. (C) A representative trace showing spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations observed in the same cell. These types of oscillations were observed in about 31% of tested P7 hESCs. (D) Traces showing the inhibition of spontaneous [Ca2+]i activity after removal of extracellular Ca2+, application of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels (VOCC) blockers Cd2+ (100 μM) and Ni2+ (50 μM) and L-type VOCC blocker nicardipine (10 μM). Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/scd