Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 42,427 HIV-Positive Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Gauteng or Mpumalanga, South Africa Stratified by Age Category
| Young adolescents 10–14 years N=310 | Older adolescents 15–19 years N=342 | Young adults 20–24 years N=1599 | Adults ≥25 years N=40176 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Gender, male, n (%) | 158 (51.0%) | 60 (17.5%) | 205 (12.8%) | 14,799 (36.8%) |
| Unemployed, n (%) | N/A | 216 (63.2%) | 1,194 (74.7%) | 22,983 (57.2%) |
| Education (primary or secondary), n (%) | 163/305 (53.4%) | 205/335 (61.1%) | 885/1,553 (60.4%) | 19,807/39,237 (50.5%) |
| Ethnic group—African, n (%) | 306 (98.7%) | 333 (97.4%) | 1560 (97.6%) | 38,937 (97.0%) |
| CD4, median (IQR) | 109 (24–195) | 133 (54–198) | 130 (57–189) | 105 (43–169) |
| ≤50 cells/mm3, n (%) | 95/266 (35.7%) | 78/318 (24.5%) | 357/1,497 (23.8%) | 10,531/37,477 (28.1%) |
| 51–100, n (%) | 32/266 (12.0%) | 49/318 (15.4%) | 239/1,497 (16.0%) | 7,640/37,477 (20.4%) |
| 101–200, n (%) | 78/266 (29.3%) | 114/318 (35.9%) | 602/1,497 (40.2%) | 14,571/37,477 (30.9%) |
| >201 cells/mm3, n (%) | 61/266 (22.9%) | 77/318 (24.2%) | 299/1,497 (20.0%) | 4,735/37,477 (12.6%) |
| Aspartate transaminase (AST; IU/liter), median (IQR) | 40.5 (31.0–57.0) | 29.0 (22.0–39.0) | 30.0 (23.0–44.0) | 35.0 (27.0–49.0) |
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALT; IU/liter), median (IQR) | 24.0 (16.0–38.0) | 19.0 (13.0–28.0) | 20.0 (14.0–30.0) | 23.0 (17.0–35.0) |
| Hemoglobin (Hb; g/dl), Median (IQR) | 10.7 (9.6–11.7) | 10.5 (9.0–11.9) | 10.7 (9.4–12.0) | 11.2 (9.7–12.7) |
| <8g/dl, n (%) | 10/206 (4.9%) | 34/259 (13.1%) | 128/1210 (10.6%) | 2,400/32,054 (7.5%) |
| Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), Median (IQR) | 14.5 (13.0–16.4) | 20.4 (17.2–23.6) | 21.5 (18.7–24.5) | 21.8 (19.3–25.1) |
| <18.5kg/m2, n (%) | 167/185 (90.3%) | 88/257 (34.2%) | 274/1178 (23.3%) | 5,536/29,812 (18.6%) |
| HIV viral load (copies/ml) | ||||
| ≤100,000, n (%) | 86 (27.8%) | 62 (18.1%) | 326 (20.4%) | 7,953 (19.8%) |
| >100,000, n (%) | 37 (11.9%) | 43 (12.6%) | 206 (12.9%) | 6,302 (15.7%) |
| Missing, n (%) | 187 (60.3%) | 237 (69.3%) | 1067 (66.7%) | 25,921 (64.5%) |
| TB at initiation, n (%) | 39 (12.6%) | 29 (8.5%) | 146 (9.1%) | 4,571 (11.4%) |
| WHO stage III/IV, n (%) | 114/160 (71.3%) | 120/226 (53.1%) | 529/1075 (49.2%) | 14,753/27,845 (53.0%) |
| ART regimen | ||||
| EFV based, n (%) | 301 (97.1%) | 207 (60.5%) | 941 (58.8%) | 34,186 (85.1%) |
| NVP based, n (%) | 6 (1.9%) | 100 (29.2%) | 451 (28.2%) | 4,083 (10.2%) |
| PI based, n (%) | 2 (0.7%) | 34 (1.0%) | 207 (12.9%) | 1,854 (4.6%) |
| Other, n (%) | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 53 (0.1%) |
| Follow-up time, months, Median (IQR) | 23.9 (12.3–36.7) | 15.6 (7.3–29.4) | 17.0 (7.3–32.0) | 20.5 (10.2–36.8) |
| 12 month outcomes | ||||
| Alive and in care, n (%) | 246 (79.4%) | 228 (66.7%) | 1077 (67.4%) | 29,631 (73.8%) |
| Loss to follow-up, n (%) | 19 (6.1%) | 75 (21.9%) | 295 (18.4%) | 4,324 (10.8%) |
| Died, n (%) | 21 (6.8%) | 15 (4.4%) | 110 (6.9%) | 3,795 (9.4%) |
| Transferred out, n (%) | 24 (7.7%) | 24 (7.0%) | 117 (7.3%) | 2,426 (6.0%) |
| Change in regimen, n (%) | 109 (35.2%) | 111 (32.5%) | 555 (34.7%) | 15,177 (37.8%) |
| Reason for regimen change, | ||||
| Virological failure, n (%) | 2 (1.8%) | 4 (3.6%) | 15 (2.7%) | 460 (3.0%) |
| Abnormal fat redistribution, n (%) | 5 (4.6%) | 9 (8.1%) | 30 (5.4%) | 1,344 (8.9%) |
| Lactic acidosis/hyperlactatemia, n (%) | 1 (0.9%) | 4 (3.6%) | 16 (2.9%) | 1,066 (7.0%) |
| Toxicity, n (%) | 2 (1.8%) | 3 (2.7%) | 15 (2.7%) | 534 (3.5%) |
| Noncompliance, n (%) | 3 (2.8%) | 10 (9.0%) | 23 (4.1%) | 492 (3.2%) |
| Pregnancy, n (%) | 0 (0.0%) | 13 (11.7%) | 117 (21.1%) | 715 (4.7%) |
IQR, interquartile range; EFV, efavirenz; NVP, nevirapine; PI, protease inhibitor.