Table 2.
Immunological and Virological Responses at 6 and 12 Months After Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation, Stratified by Age Category
| |
6 months |
12 months |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Crude RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)a | n (%) | Crude RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)a | |
| Failure to increase CD4 countb | ||||||
| Adults | 6,291 (24.3%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 6,518 (30.7%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Young adults | 212 (22.6%) | 0.93 (0.82–1.05) | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 190 (26.3%) | 0.86 (0.76–0.97) | 0.94 (0.80–1.12) |
| Older adolescents | 43 (23.6%) | 0.97 (0.75–1.26) | 0.95 (0.73–1.23) | 42 (31.8%) | 1.04 (0.81–1.33) | 1.06 (0.76–1.48) |
| Young adolescents | 24 (12.6%) | 0.52 (0.36–0.76) | 0.48 (0.33–0.69) | 36 (24.7%) | 0.80 (0.61–1.07) | 0.80 (0.48–1.32) |
| Failure to suppress viral load—detectable HIV viral load (≥400 copies/ml)c | ||||||
| Adults | 2,314 (9.3%) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1,147 (9.7%) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Young adults | 100 (11.6%) | 1.25 (1.04–1.51) | 1.33 (1.10–1.60) | 57 (14.7%) | 1.51 (1.18–1.93) | 1.64 (1.23–2.19) |
| Older adolescents | 28 (16.2%) | 1.74 (1.24–2.45) | 1.75 (1.25–2.47) | 10 (16.7%) | 1.71 (0.97–3.02) | 1.65 (0.87–3.11) |
| Young adolescents | 24 (14.0%) | 1.50 (1.03–2.18) | 1.31 (0.90–1.90) | 24 (29.6%) | 3.04 (2.17–4.28) | 2.30 (1.38–3.82) |
| |
6 months |
12 months |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Median (IQR) | p value | n (%) | Median (IQR) | p value | |
| Median (IQR) change in CD4 from baseline | ||||||
| Adults | 25,871 (64%) | 120 (52–210) | 21,265 (53%) | 163 (79–264) | ||
| Young adults | 937 (59%) | 150 (62–268) | <0.0001d | 722 (45%) | 209 (94–338) | <0.0001d |
| Older adolescents | 182 (53%) | 170 (56–288) | 0.0004d | 132 (39%) | 214 (55–368) | 0.0097d |
| Young adolescents | 190 (61%) | 243 (111–377) | <0.0001d | 146 (47%) | 315 (113–479) | <0.0001d |
a
Relative risk (RR) estimated from log-binomial regression models.
b
Failure to increase CD4 count by ≥50 cells/mm3 at 6 months or ≥100 cells/mm3 at 12 months after ART initiation.
c
Failure to suppress viral load below 400 copies/ml at 6 months or 12 months after ART initiation.
d
p values were compared to adults using the Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables.
RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range.