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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 14.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Pathol. 2008;3:399–425. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pathmechdis.3.121806.151434

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A schematic of mammalian unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling. IRE1, PERK, and ATF-6 proteins reside at the ER membrane. In response to ER stress, they initiate a cascade of signal transduction outputs that control cell survival or death. Figure adapted with permission from Reference 1.