Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, version 11 (BIS-11) scores of the sample
| Bipolar disorder (n = 54) | Sibling (n = 57) | Controls (n = 49) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Female, n (%) | 36 (66.7) | 36 (63.2) | 28 (57.1) |
| Age (years), mean (SD) [range] | 31.9 (11.0) [18–59] | 31.4 (13.0) [18–60] | 30.4 (10.7) [18–55] |
| Education (years), mean (SD) [range] | 14.2 (1.8) [10–18] | 14.3 (2.0) [9–18] | 15.2 (2.1) [12–20] |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 43 (79.6) | 47 (82.5) | 38 (77.6) |
| African American | 2 (3.7) | 3 (5.3) | 7 (14.3) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 5 (9.3) | 4 (7.0) | 1 (2.0) |
| Other | 4 (7.4) | 3 (5.3) | 3 (6.1) |
| Comorbid alcohol/drug history, n (%) | |||
| Past alcohol abuse/dependence | 27 (50.0) | 7 (12.3) | 3 (6.1) |
| Past drug abuse/dependence | 26 (48.1) | 6 (10.5) | 3 (6.1) |
| Medications, n (%) | |||
| Mood stabilizer(s) | 27 (50.0) | ||
| Antidepressant(s) | 23 (42.6) | 5 (8.8) | |
| Atypical antipsychotic(s) | 23 (42.6) | ||
| Anxiolytic/benzodiazepine(s) | 22 (40.7) | 2 (3.5) | |
| Lithium | 13 (24.1) | ||
| Unmedicated | 6 (11.1) | ||
| Typical antipsychotic(s) | 1 (1.9) | ||
| HAMD score, mean [range] | 2.9 [0–9] | 1.0 [0–6] | 0.2 [0–3] |
| YMRS score, mean [range] | 1.8 [0–8] | 0.5 [0–6] | 0.1 [0–1] |
| Criminal historya, n (%) | |||
| Arrested | 21 (51.2) | 9 (18.8) | 4 (10.0) |
| Convicted | 12 (29.3) | 2 (4.2) | 2 (5.0) |
| GAF score, mean (SD) [range] | 81.4 (8.9) [55–93] | 90.7 (4.3) [75–98] | 93.1 (3.8) [80–99] |
| BIS-11 scores, mean (SD) | |||
| Total | 72.9 (12.1)b,c | 58.9 (11.5)b | 52.4 (8.9) |
| Attentional | 18.7 (4.2)b,c | 13.9 (4.6) | 12.3 (3.4) |
| Motor | 26.1 (4.9)b,c | 22.3 (4.2)b | 19.8 (3.1) |
| Non-planning | 28.0 (5.5)b,c | 22.6 (4.7)b | 20.3 (4.4) |
GAF = Global Assessment of Functioning Scale; HAMD = Hamilton Depression Scale; YMRS = Young Mania Rating Scale.
a
Data only available on 41 bipolar disorder subjects, 48 siblings, and 40 controls.
b
Significantly different from the healthy control group (p < 0.05).
c
Significantly different from the sibling group (p < 0.0001).