Table 1.

CLEAN Model Elements Applied to Health Education

Element	Questions to Consider
Culture	What is the role of culture in community members’ understanding of illness causality and orientation to prevention? How might cultural beliefs influence community members’ health-seeking behavior for preventive care and medical treatment?
Literacy	How does literacy level affect the ability to understand questions nurses ask during health-education encounters? What education medium is most appropriate for people with low literacy? How might language use, including low English proficiency, affect the health of community members?
Education	What types of educational communications are most effective with the population in the community? How can the nurse enhance the capacity for effective communication? What educational materials and resources are available? What continuing nursing education or cultural competency skills can be acquired to better serve a multicultural population?
Assessment	What culturally competent health-education resources already exist? What programs or materials exist that may be adapted or transcreated to ensure that health messages are culturally appropriate, linguistically correct, and attuned to literacy levels and that materials are visually appealing in a new cultural context?
Networking	What networking or community partnership–building activities might be helpful to engage the community and enhance educational endeavors? What additional community services or resources and organizations exist that may be of particular use to the diverse community member base? Who are the key stakeholders that can be helpful to community educational endeavors?

Note. Based on information from Meade et al., 2007.