Table 3.
Univariate analysis of orthopedic injuries among the CKD population in Taiwan
| Upper limb fractures | Lower limb fractures | Trunk fractures | Limb dislocations | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
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| RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | RR | (95% CI) | |
| Age stratum | ||||||||
| Less than 18 years old | 1.00 | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | ||||
| 18–44 years | 1.51 | (0.48–4.78) | 4.68 | (0.65–33.64) | 1.00 | 0.94 | (0.13–6.97) | |
| 45–64 years | 1.70 | (0.54–5.30) | 7.45 | (1.04–53.09) | 3.08 | (1.10–8.58) | 0.86 | (0.12–6.21) |
| ≥65 years | 2.37 | (0.76–7.39) | 13.81 | (1.94–98.37) | 5.48 | (2.02–14.90) | 1.15 | (0.16–8.22) |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female versus male | 1.67 | (1.49–1.87) | 1.64 | (1.51–1.79) | 3.09 | (2.13–4.50) | 1.48 | (1.13–1.95) |
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| Yes versus no | 1.04 | (0.93–1.17) | 0.99 | (0.91–1.08) | 0.73 | (0.52–1.25) | 1.40 | (1.07–1.84) |
| Osteoporosis | ||||||||
| Yes versus no | 3.86 | (3.56–3.88) | 4.91 | (4.80–5.02) | 4.09 | (3.63–4.55) | 2.48 | (2.02–2.94) |
| Osteoarthritis | ||||||||
| Yes versus no | 2.11 | (1.98–2.24) | 2.76 | (2.67–2.86) | 2.24 | (1.86–2.63) | 2.99 | (2.69–3.28) |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Higher (≥6) versus lower | 1.77 | (1.62–1.91) | 2.26 | (2.16–2.36) | 1.54 | (1.10–1.98) | 1.90 | (1.56–3.32) |
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; RR, risk ratio; CI, confidence interval.