Table 5.
Comparison of pain-coping and pain-specific beliefs in children with and without pain in anti-TNF treatment
|
Anti-TNF agents group | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Subgroup with pain (n = 28) |
Pain-free subgroup (n = 13) |
Group differences |
||||
| Mean (S.D.) | Median | Mean (S.D.) | Median | Mann–Whitney U Test | p-values | Effect sizes ( r ) | |
|
Pain-coping strategies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Behavioural distraction |
2.94 (0.86) |
2.70 |
3.02 (1.01) |
3.40 |
Z = −0.62 |
0.54 |
0.10 |
| Cognitive distraction |
3.27 (0.93) |
3.30 |
2.88 (1.03) |
3.00 |
Z = −1.04 |
0.30 |
0.16 |
| Positive self statements |
2.91 (0.96) |
3.10 |
2.83 (1.19) |
2.60 |
Z = −0.07 |
0.94 |
0.01 |
| Catastrophizing |
1.99 (0.93) |
1.63 |
1.43 (0.70) |
1.20 |
Z = −2.03 |
0.04 |
0.32 |
|
Pain-beliefs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Control |
2.84 (0.57) |
2.89 |
2.83 (0.71) |
3.00 |
Z = −0.12 |
0.91 |
0.02 |
| Disability |
2.69 (0.84) |
2.56 |
1.96 (0.56) |
1.89 |
Z = −2.68 |
0.007 |
0.42 |
| Harm | 3.38 (0.74) | 3.50 | 2.81 (0.55) | 2.83 | Z = −2.55 | 0.01 | 0.40 |