Table 1.

PFS dimensions

Direction of aggression	Type of aggression
	Obstacle dominance (OD)	Ego-defence (ED)	Needs- persistence (NP)
	(The obstacle is prominent)	The people are prominent	The solution is prominent
Extra-aggression (EA)	E’ - The presence of the obstacle frustrating is emphasized insistently.	E – Blame and hostility are directed toward a person or object in the environment.	E - A solution to the frustrating situation is requested insistently to another person.
Towards others	Example: “Stupid car!”	Example: “Great! I am going to be late because of you!”	Example: “Well! Can you call a cab then?”
Intra-aggression (IA)	I’ - The frustrating obstacle is presented as not frustrating or even beneficial; on the other hand, the subject emphasizes his/her embarrassment to be involved in causing frustration to someone else.	I – Blame and hostility are directed towards the person himself/herself.	The subject offers a repair to fix the problem because of a sense of guilt.
Towards themselves	Example: “No. It’s fine. I didn’t want to get that train anyway”	Example: “Oh no, it was my fault!”	Example: “It’s OK. I’ll pay for another thicket”.
Im-magrassion (MA)	M’ - Obstacle in the frustrating situation is minimized, almost to the point of denying its existence	M - Blame for the situation is avoided because the situation is seen as unavoidable; the person who causes frustration is absolved.	M - The subject expresses the hope that the time or circumstances lead to the solution of the problem. Patience and optimism are the main characteristics.
Neutralized/no aggression	Example: “No problem, at all”	Example: “Don’t worry, it’s not your fault that the car was broken”	Example: “Never mind. There’ll be another one soon”