Table 5.
Mean scores on or prevalence of distal outcomes as a function of latent class membership.
| Outcome | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | M. Wald |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Status variables | ||||
| Education | ||||
| Grade 7 to 12 (no diploma) | 0% | 3% | 2% | 166.93***a,b |
| High school/GED | 1% | 12% | 18% | 11.45*c |
| Trade school | 0% | 4% | 4% | 16.93***c |
| Part college | 23% | 30% | 35% | 31.41*** a,b,c |
| 2 year college | 3% | 9% | 7% | 37.66*.** a,b,c |
| 4 year college | 50% | 26% | 27% | 12.65** a,b,c |
| Part graduate school | 1% | 4% | 3% | 17.33*** a,b,c |
| Completed graduate school | 22% | 12% | 5% | — |
| Income‡ | ||||
| Lower class ($0–$14,999) | 2% | 9% | 20% | 16.86***c |
| Working class ($15,000–$29,999) | 5% | 18% | 31% | 45.78*** a,b,c |
| Middle class or higher ($30,000 or more) | 93% | 74% | 49% | — |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 18% | 36% | 39% | 4.93 |
| Married | 73% | 56% | 44% | 17.64***b,c |
| Separated/divorced | 3% | 8% | 17% | — |
| Personal and cognitive | ||||
| Coping | 54.06*** | 50.54*** | 45.20*** | 84.60*** a,b,c |
| Dysfunctional attitudes | 50.67*** | 47.91*** | 43.06*** | 55.29*** a,b,c |
| Self-esteem | 38.12*** | 34.77*** | 28.13*** | 172.30*** a,b,c |
| Social | ||||
| Daily hassles | 35.48*** | 41.18*** | 50.45*** | 86.23*** a,b,c |
| No. of major events | 1.89*** | 2.83*** | 4.19*** | 59.12*** a,b,c |
| SAS family | 1.28*** | 1.44*** | 1.77*** | 102.47*** a,b,c |
| SAS work | 1.50*** | 1.73*** | 2.15*** | 106.75*** a,b,c |
| SAS social/leisure | 1.65*** | 1.82*** | 2.19*** | 65.55*** a,b,c |
| Psychopathology | ||||
| No. of ANX episodes | .02*** | .13*** | .53*** | 53.37*** a,b,c |
| No. of MDD episodes | .19*** | .68** | 1.53*** | 62.99*** a,b,c |
| No. of SUD episodes | .45*** | .79* | 1.27* | 24.24*** a,b,c |
Note. SAS = social adjustment scale, ANX = anxiety disorder, MDD = major depressive disorder, SUD = substance use disorder; Class 1 = low decreasing; Class 2 = moderate decreasing; Class 3 = high stable. M. Wald = multivariate wald χ2 (df = 2) and represents differences in the likelihood of falling at a higher category of education, income, or marital status.
‡
Income classes based on Thompson and Hickey (2005). Significance level of independent contrasts presented after Benjamin-Hochberg correction (α = .05).
a
C1 vs. C2, p ≤ .04.
b
C1 vs. C3, p ≤ .04.
c
C2 vs. C3, p ≤ .03.
***
p < .001.
**
p < .01.
*
p < .05.