Table 3.
Fat, muscle, bone, and hormone differences between functional groups.
| Low Function (N=30) | High function (N=48) | Crude OR | P value | Adjusted* OR | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↑Fat | ||||||
| Relative fat mass (% body mass) | 28.1 ± 1.6 | 24.7 ± 1.4 | 1.0 (0.9. 1.0) | 0.14 | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.18 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 21.2 ± 2.0 | 18.3 ± 1.6 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.46 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.54 |
| Trunk: limb fat | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.47 | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | 0.74 |
| Trunk: total fat† | 0.6 ± 0.02 | 0.6 ± 0.02 | 0.8 (0.4, 1.3) | 0.36 | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 0.69 |
| Fat Index (kg/m2) | 7.0 ± 0.7 | 6.2 ± 0.6 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 0.55 | 1.0 (0.9, 1.1) | 0.68 |
| %Trunk fat/% leg fat | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | 0.47 | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | 0.74 |
| ↓Muscle | ||||||
| Lean body mass (kg) | 46.9 ± 1.7 | 51.6 ± 1.5 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 0.023 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 0.034 |
| Appendicular lean mass (kg) | 20.6 ± 0.9 | 23.7 ± 0.7 | 1.3 (1.0, 1.4) | 0.012 | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | 0.017 |
| ASMI (kg/m2) | 6.8 ± 0.2 | 7.8 ± 0.2 | 1.7 (1.1, 2.9) | 0.012 | 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) | 0.014 |
| ↓Bone | ||||||
| Lumbar spine BMD (g/m2)† | 0.917 ± 0.026 | 1.007 ± 0.021 | 1.7 (1.1, 2.3) | 0.023 | 2.1 (1.1, 4.0) | 0.023 |
| Lumbar spine T-score | −1.5 ± 0.2 | −0.7 ± 0.2 | 1.7 (1.1, 2.3) | 0.023 | 2.3 (1.1, 4.5) | 0.022 |
| Femoral neck BMD (g/m2)† | 0.703 ± 0.021 | 0.758 ± 0.016 | 1.7 (1.0, 2.6) | 0.051 | 2.0 (0.9, 4.3) | 0.075 |
| Femoral neck T-score | −1.6 ± 0.2 | −1.2 ± 0.1 | 2.0 (0.98, 3.3) | 0.057 | 2.3 (0.9, 6.3) | 0.093 |
| Total hip BMD (g/m2)† | 0.812 ± 0.023 | 0.908 ± 0.019 | 2.0 (1.2, 3.3) | 0.009 | 2.4 (1.1, 5.6) | 0.032 |
| Total hip T-score | −1.4 ± 0.2 | −0.7 ± 0.1 | 2.5 (1.3, 5.9) | 0.009 | 3.8 (1.1, 12.5) | 0.028 |
| ↓Hormone | ||||||
| IGF-1 (ng/mL)‡ | 99.0 ± 8.2 | 126.7 ± 6.6 | 5.0 (1.4, 20.0) | 0.015 | 5.0 (1.4, 20.0) | 0.015 |
| IGFBP-3 (μg/mL) | 2.5 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 3.3 (1.6, 6.3) | 0.001 | 3.3 (1.7, 9.9) | 0.002 |
| 25-OH vitamin D(ng/mL) | 25.4 ± 2.3 | 29.5 ± 1.9 | 1.0 (0.99, 1.1) | 0.11 | 1.0 (0.99, 1.1) | 0.11 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard error. ASMI, appendicular skeletal muscle index. BMD, bone mineral density. IGF, insulin-like growth factor. IGFBP-insulin-like growth factor binding protein. Odds Ratio is for the incremental increase in odds of Low Function for an increase (↑) or decrease (↓) of one unit, unless otherwise indicated.
Adjusted for potential confounders:
Fat mass: CD4+ lymphocyte count < 350 cells/μL, current protease inhibitor, any use of zidovudine, didanosine or stavudine.
Lean mass: CD4+ lymphocyte count < 350 cells/μL and any use of zidovudine, didanosine or stavudine.
BMD: nadir CD4+ lymphocyte count, BMI (kg/m2), current tenofovir use, and tobacco use.
Hormone: CD4+ lymphocyte count < 350 cells/μL, fat mass ratio, and BMI (kg/m2),.
Odds per change of 0.1 units
Odds per change of 100 units