Table 9.

Clinical uses of target-specific oral anticoagulants

Drugs	Indications	Dosing, timing, duration	Monitoring	Precautions
Dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa®)	Stroke and systemic embolism prophylaxis in non-valvular AF	CrCl >30 mL/min: 150 mg twice daily	No specific assay available	Bioprosthetic heart valves P-gp inducers and inhibitors
		CrCl 15–30 mL/min: 75 mg twice daily
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto®)	Stroke prophylaxis in non-valvular AF	CrCl >50 mL/min: 20 mg once daily with the evening meal	No specific assay available	Spinal/epidural anesthesia or puncture CrCl <15 mL/min in non-valvular AF CrCl <30 mL/min in treatment or prevention of DVT, PE P-gp inducers or inhibitors CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors Pregnancy
		CrCl 15–50 mL/min: 15 mg once daily with the evening meal
	Treatment of DVT or PE	15 mg twice daily with food for 21 days then 20 mg daily with food for remaining treatment
	DVT or PE secondary prophylaxis	20 mg once daily with food
	DVT prophylaxis following hip or knee replacement surgery	10 mg once daily for 35 days (hip replacement) or 12 days (knee replacement)
Apixaban (Eliqiuis®)	Stroke and systemic embolism prophylaxis in non-valvular AF	5 mg twice daily or 2.5 mg twice daily in patients with at least two of: age >80 years, body weight <60 kg, serum creatinine <1.5 mg/dL	No specific assay available

CrCl creatinine clearance, DVT deep vein thrombosis, PE pulmonary embolism