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The role of Nix, Bnip3 and ubiquitin in mitophagy. Mitochondrion-localized Nix and Bnip3 interact via their N-terminal LIR with LC3/GABARAP-conjugated to the newly forming autophagosome, thereby mediating tethering of the nascent phagophore to the target mitochondrion. Concomitant ubiquitination of a mitochondrion-localized substrate protein may, via the Ub-binding autophagy receptors p62 and NBR1, further increase tethering of mitochondrial and phagophore membranes.
