Fig. 1.

Acute ischaemia–reperfusion and optical mapping experiments: (A) Regional ischaemia–reperfusion experiments. The left anterior descending (LAD) artery was temporarily occluded to generate ischaemia and then released for reperfusion. (B) Experimental set-up for optical mapping experiments. (C) Heart in optical mapping chamber, with the optical mapping field shown on the anterior surface of the left ventricle. (D) Representative ventricular epicardial optical recordings of transmembrane voltage (Vm) during sinus rhythm (SR), ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF).