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. 2013 Jun;59:67–75. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.02.001

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Ivabradine reduced the incidence of reperfusion VT and VF via heart rate reduction: (A to D) Freedom from reperfusion VT, reperfusion VT incidence, freedom from reperfusion VF and reperfusion VF incidence for the five groups: Ivabradine (Group 2) improved freedom from reperfusion VT/VF and reduced reperfusion VT/VF incidence compared to control (Group 1). Atrial pacing (Group 4) abolished ivabradine's protective effects. An ivabradine bolus at reperfusion (Group 3) did not significantly alter arrhythmia incidence compared to control. Atrial pacing only at reperfusion in addition to IVA (Group 4) did not significantly alter arrhythmia incidence compared to IVA perfusion (Group 2) (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. control) (Group 1: n = 10, Group 2: n = 10, Group 3: n = 5, Group 4: n = 5, Group 5: n = 5). (E) Top: Electrogram trace showing the development of VT and VF following reperfusion in a control heart. Bottom: Epicardial electrogram trace from an ivabradine-treated heart, showing slower heart rate before reperfusion, a single ventricular ectopic following reperfusion, and the absence of reperfusion VT/VF.