Table 2.
Univariate analysis of the first episode of ART non-adherence among 306 participants (199 men and 107 women), Belo Horizonte (MG), 2001-2002.
| Characteristics | Men | Women | ||||
| N (%) a | Relative hazard (95% CI) b | p-value | N (%) a | Relative hazard (95% CI) b | p-value | |
| SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| >33 | 28 (28.3) | 1.00 | 20 (40.8) | 1.00 | ||
| ≤33 | 31 (31.0) | 1.08 (0.65-1.80) | 0.778 | 27 (46.6) | 1.25 (0.70-2.22) | 0.459 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 14 (26.9) | 1.00 | 8 (34.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Non-white | 43 (31.4) | 1.32 (0.72-2.42) | 0.371 | 37 (45.7) | 1.49 (0.69-3.20) | 0.307 |
| Schooling (years) | ||||||
| ≥8 | 26 (26.5) | 1.00 | 16 (41.0) | 1.00 | ||
| 4-8 | 18 (29.5) | 1.29 (0.71-2.37) | 0.402 | 11(45.8) | 1.28 (0.59-2.76) | 0.531 |
| ≤4 | 15 (38.5) | 1.67 (0.88-3.16) | 0.117 | 20 (45.5) | 1.30 (0.67-2.51) | 0.437 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single/Divorced | 42 (31.1) | 1.00 | 23 (36.5) | 1.00 | ||
| Married/Stable union | 17 (26.6) | 0.88 (0.50-1.55) | 0.655 | 24 (54.6) | 1.59 (0.90-2.82) | 0.113 |
| Individual income in last month | ||||||
| Yes | 33 (26.8) | 1.00 | 22 (39.3) | 1.00 | ||
| No | 26 (34.7) | 1.38 (0.83-2.31) | 0.219 | 25 (50.0) | 1.35 (0.76-2.40) | 0.302 |
| Job schedule | ||||||
| Unfixed | 11 (23.9) | 1.00 | 3 (23.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Fixed | 28 (28.0) | 1.23 (0.61-2.48) | 0.555 | 16 (43.2) | 1.58 (0.46-5.43) | 0.468 |
| Unemployed | 20 (37.7) | 1.77 (0.85-3.69) | 0.131 | 28 (49.1) | 2.04 (0.62-6.71) | 0.241 |
| BEHAVIOR | ||||||
| Disclosure of HIV status | ||||||
| Yes | 50 (29.9) | 1.00 | 41 (46.6) | 1.00 | ||
| No | 8 (28.6) | 0.87 (0.41-1.84) | 0.720 | 3 (25.0) | 0.42 (0.13-1.34) | 0.143 |
| Alcohol use in month prior to baseline interview | ||||||
| No | 29 (24.8) | 1.00 | 25 (37.3) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 29 (37.2) | 1.73 (1.03-2.89) | 0.038* | 19 (57.6) | 1.97 (1.08-3.59) | 0.026* |
| Current tobacco use | ||||||
| No | 36 (30.0) | 1.00 | 26 (35.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 22 (29.3) | 1.12 (0.66-1.91) | 0.672 | 18 (69.2) | 2.53 (1.39-4.63) | 0.003* |
| Lifetime injection drug use | ||||||
| No | 50 (27.8) | 1.00 | 42 (42.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 8 (53.3) | 2.36 (1.12-5.00) | 0.025* | 2 (100.0) | 2.73 (0.66-11.3) | 0.166 |
| Lifetime illicit drug use | ||||||
| No | 29 (24.0) | 1.00 | 35 (38.5) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 29 (39.2) | 1.91 (1.14-3.21) | 0.014* | 9 (100.0) | 3.33 (1.58-6.98) | 0.002* |
| HEALTH SERVICES | ||||||
| Recruitment site | ||||||
| CTR/DIP | 52 (32.9) | 1.00 | 39 (43.3) | 1.00 | ||
| HEM | 7 (17.1) | 0.55 (0.25-1.21) | 0.135 | 8 (47.1) | 1.31 (0.61-2.81) | 0.488 |
| Difficulty in searching for HIV service | ||||||
| No | 48 (27.6) | 1.00 | 43 (46.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 10(50.0) | 1.90 (0.96-3.77) | 0.066 | 1 (14.3) | 0.23 (0.03-1.63) | 0.140 |
| Number of attended HIV health service | ||||||
| Only one | 47 (31.1) | 1.00 | 36 (47.4) | 1.00 | ||
| More than one | 11 (25.0) | 0.74 (0.39-1.43) | 0.376 | 8 (33.3) | 0.57 (0.27-1.24) | 0.156 |
| Psychological support | ||||||
| Yes | 2 (20.0) | 1.00 | 1 (16.7) | 1.00 | ||
| No | 56 (30.3) | 1.63 (0.40-6.71) | 0.497 | 43 (46.2) | 3.12 (0.43-22.7) | 0.261 |
| Understanding of medical counseling | ||||||
| Sufficient | 42 (29.4) | 1.00 | 27 (39.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Insufficient | 15 (34.1) | 1.03 (0.57-1.86) | 0.920 | 16 (50.0) | 1.36 (0.73-2.52) | 0.335 |
| Did not receive | 2 (18.2) | 0.62 (0.15-2.56) | 0.507 | 4 (80.0) | 2.33 (0.81-6.68) | 0.116 |
| Understanding of pharmaceutical counseling | ||||||
| Sufficient | 48 (30.0) | 1.00 | 39 (44.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Insufficient | 6 (26.1) | 0.70 (0.30-1.64) | 0.416 | 5 (50.0) | 1.02 (0.40-2.59) | 0.970 |
| Did not receive | 5 (31.3) | 1.04 (0.41-2.62) | 0.932 | 3 (30.0) | 0.63 (0.19-2.03) | 0.435 |
| Understanding of ART prescription | ||||||
| Sufficient | 30 (30.3) | 1.00 | 20 (37.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Insufficient | 29 (29.0) | 0.98 (0.58-1.63) | 0.923 | 27 (50.0) | 1.47 (0.82-2.62) | 0.194 |
| CLINICAL | ||||||
| Number of prescribed pills/day | ||||||
| <7 | 20 (23.5) | 1.00 | 18 (36.7) | 1.00 | ||
| 7-12 | 28 (32.9) | 1.35 (0.76-2.41) | 0.308 | 17 (46.0) | 1.15 (0.59-2.24) | 0.674 |
| >12 | 11 (37.9) | 1.41 (0.67-2.94) | 0.363 | 12 (57.1) | 1.61 (0.77-3.34) | 0.204 |
| Self-reported difficulty of antiretroviral treatment | ||||||
| Low | 15 (16.0) | 1.00 | 19 (40.4) | 1.00 | ||
| High | 44 (43.6) | 2.89 (1.61-5.20) | <0.001* | 26 (49.1) | 1.26 (0.70-2.27) | 0.447 |
| Clinical classification | ||||||
| Symptomatic (B-C) | 30 (27.3) | 1.00 | 21 (36.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Asymptomatic (A) | 29 (35.4) | 1.35 (0.81-2.26) | 0.247 | 23 (50.0) | 1.50 (0.83-2.72) | 0.176 |
| Baseline TCD4+ lymphocyte count | ||||||
| < 200/mm3 | 19 (18.5) | 1.00 | 24 (42.1) | 1.00 | ||
| ≥ 200/m m3 | 29 (41.4) | 2.56 (1.44-4.58) | 0.002* | 19 (45.2) | 1.11 (0.61-2.03) | 0.741 |
| Number of adverse reactions reported | ||||||
| <5 | 20 (18.4) | 1.00 | 20 (40.0) | 1.00 | ||
| ≥5 | 38 (42.7) | 2.30 (1.33-3.95) | 0.003* | 27 (47.4) | 1.20 (0.67-2.14) | 0.543 |
| Time between HIV test and first ART prescription | ||||||
| <113 days | 23 (20.7) | 1.00 | 13 (31.7) | 1.00 | ||
| ≥113 days | 36 (40.9) | 2.55 (1.49-4.37) | 0.001* | 34 (51.5) | 1.81 (0.96-3.44) | 0.068 |
| Time between first medical visit and first ART prescription | ||||||
| < 43 days | 23 (22.3) | 1.00 | 15 (36.6) | 1.00 | ||
| ≥ 43 days | 36 (37.5) | 1.90 (1.13-3.21) | 0.016* | 32 (48.5) | 1.41 (0.76-2.60) | 0.275 |
| Self-perceived quality of life | ||||||
| Good | 29 (24.0) | 1.00 | 23 (46.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Bad | 29 (40.3) | 1.87 (1.12-3.14) | 0.017* | 20 (40.0) | 0.81 (0.44-1.48) | 0.491 |
| Baseline anxiety symptoms | ||||||
| None-mild | 33 (24.3) | 1.00 | 21 (39.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate-severe | 25 (43.9) | 1.93 (1.15-3.25) | 0.013* | 23 (48.9) | 1.27 (0.70-2.30) | 0.425 |
| Baseline depression symptoms | ||||||
| None-mild | 42 (25.8) | 1.00 | 27 (40.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Moderate-severe | 16 (53.3) | 1.95 (1.10-3.47) | 0.023* | 17 (50.0) | 1.36 (0.74-2.50) | 0.322 |
a
Number and proportion of non-adherence.
b
Relative hazard obtained from Cox's proportional model with confidence interval.