Figure 1.

Androgen receptor structure and post-translational modifications. The locations of the AR N-terminal domain (NTD), polyglutamine tract (polyQ), DNA-binding domain (DBD), hinge region, and C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD) are shown. Phosphorylation can occur on serine (S), threonine (T), and tyrosine (Y) residues. Specific lysine (K) residues can be acetylated, ubiquitinated, sumoylated, or methylated as indicated. Note the amino acid numbering is based on a 920 amino acid AR (NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_000044.3) (Gottlieb et al., 2012).