Table 1.

Clinical Review of the Literature: Summary Table of Various Reviews

Author	Groups Compared	Findings
Stamatas GN, Nikolovski J, Mack MC, et al (2011)[15]	Full term infants (birth to 3 years old) vs Adults	Skin Structure - infants have smaller corneocytes - infants have thinner stratum corneum Skin Function - Barrier function: weaker than adults - Hydration: decreased at birth, but increased later in infancy - TEWL: lower at birth, similar or higher later in infancy (anatomic variance) - pH: infant skin is more alkaline - Cell proliferation: increase turnover
Fluhr JW, Darlenski R, Lachmann N, et al (2012)[26]	Newborns (1-15 days) vs Infants (5-6 weeks) vs Infants (6 months) vs Infants (1-2 years) vs Pediatrics (4-5 years) vs Adults (20-35 years)	Skin Function - Hydration: newborns have the lowest hydration and water content Skin hydration increases then remains stable through pediatrics and adults - TEWL: lowest in the 5-6 weeks following birth, highest at 1-2 years - pH: newborn infants are more alkaline than all other groups skin becomes more acidic by 5-6 weeks and then remains stable through pediatrics
Giusti F, Martella A, Bertoni L and Seidenari S (2001)[2]	Infants (8-24 months) vs Adults (25-35 years)	Skin Function: - Hydration: infants have higher hydration - TEWL: no difference between infants and adults - pH: infant skin is more alkaline at multiple sites
Firooz A, Sadr B, Babakoohi S, et al (2012)[24]	Pediatrics (10-20 years) vs Adults (20-30 years, 30- 40 years, 40-50 years)	Skin Function - Hydration: no between pediatrics and adults - TEWL: no difference between pediatrics and adults - Sebum: no difference between pediatrics and adults
Man MQ, Xin SJ, Song SP, et al (2009)[25]	Prepuberty (0-12 years) vs Young group (13-35 years) vs Middle age (36-50 years) vs Old group (51-70 years)	Skin Function: - Hydration: higher SC hydration in young group males compared to females - pH: no difference in pH between pediatrics and older groups