| Pooled analysis | Stratified analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall difference (Logit model) | Within-facility difference (conditional fixed- effects Logit model) | CNA level <=1.76 hours per residents per day (conditional fixed- effects Logit model) | 1.76< CNA level <2.52 hours per resident per day (conditional fixed- effects Logit model) | CNA level >=2.52 hours per resident per day (conditional fixed- effects Logit model) | |
| Residents with mild obesity (30<=BMI<35 kg/m2) | 1.032*** (1.017–1.047) | 1.031*** (1.016–1.046) | 1.055*** (1.023–1.088) | 1.023** (1.003–1.044) | 1.028 (0.994–1.062) |
| Residents with moderate or severe obesity (BMI>=35 kg/m2) | 1.192*** (1.171–1.214) | 1.190*** (1.168–1.212) | 1.241*** (1.195 – 1.288) | 1.187*** (1.158–1.217) | 1.146*** (1.099–1.195) |
| Age | 1.013*** (1.010–1.016) | 1.007*** (1.003–1.010) | 1.010*** (1.003–1.016) | 1.007*** (1.003–1.012) | 0.999 (0.992–1.006) |
| Age (squared term) | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 1.000*** (1.000–1.000) | 1.000 (1.000–1.000) | 1.000* (1.000–1.000) | 1.000*** (1.000–1.000) |
| Male | 1.232*** (1.220–1.245) | 1.245*** (1.233–1.258) | 1.236*** (1.210–1.263) | 1.241*** (1.224–1.258) | 1.276*** (1.247–1.306) |
| Black | 1.030*** (1.015–1.045) | 1.044*** (1.025–1.063) | 1.046** (1.007 – 1.087) | 1.043*** (1.018–1.069) | 1.036 (0.993–1.081) |
| Other race | 0.749*** (0.732–0.766) | 0.825*** (0.803–0.848) | 0.868*** (0.820–0.918) | 0.812*** (0.782–0.844) | 0.799*** (0.754–0.846) |
| Need extensive help with bed mobility or totally dependent | 1.102*** (1.087–1.118) | 1.092*** (1.077–1.108) | 1.073*** (1.041–1.106) | 1.106*** (1.085–1.128) | 1.097*** (1.063–1.133) |
| ADL (on 28 scale) | 1.060*** (1.059–1.061) | 1.061*** (1.060–1.062) | 1.065*** (1.063–1.068) | 1.061*** (1.059–1.063) | 1.056*** (1.054–1.059) |
| Severe cognitive impairment (CPS>=4) | 0.994 (0.981–1.007) | 1.010 (0.997–1.024) | 1.027* (0.997–1.057) | 1.011 (0.993–1.029) | 1.006 (0.976–1.035) |
| Bowel Incontinence | 1.218*** (1.203–1.234) | 1.218*** (1.202–1.234) | 1.234*** (1.199–1.269) | 1.213*** (1.192–1.235) | 1.203*** (1.169–1.238) |
| Bladder Incontinence | 0.923*** (0.913–0.934) | 0.925*** (0.914–0.936) | 0.939*** (0.916–0.963) | 0.925*** (0.910–0.939) | 0.915*** (0.892–0.939) |
| Any use of antipsychotic medication | 1.014** (1.002–1.027) | 1.034*** (1.022–1.047) | 1.016 (0.990–1.043) | 1.032*** (1.015–1.049) | 1.055*** (1.027–1.084) |
| Terminal disease | 1.175*** (1.128–1.224) | 1.192*** (1.143–1.242 ) | 1.265*** (1.159–1.382) | 1.175*** (1.108–1.245) | 1.138*** (1.045–1.239) |
| Any use of restraints | 1.069*** (1.059–1.080) | 1.070*** (1.057–1.083) | 1.098*** (1.070–1.128) | 1.066*** (1.049–1.084) | 1.042*** (1.013–1.071) |
| Diabetes | 1.468*** (1.453–1.484) | 1.462*** (1.447–1.478) | 1.476*** (1.443–1.509) | 1.465*** (1.444–1.486) | 1.451*** (1.417–1.486) |
| Cancer | 1.068*** (1.050–1.087) | 1.051*** (1.033–1.070) | 1.063*** (1.023–1.105) | 1.039*** (1.014–1.065) | 1.076*** (1.035–1.120) |
| Stroke | 0.887*** (0.876–0.898) | 0.876*** (0.865–0.887) | 0.877*** (0.855–0.900) | 0.881*** (0.867–0.896) | 0.857*** (0.834–0.880) |
| Dementia | 0.875*** (0.866–0.884) | 0.870*** (0.861–0.880) | 0.890*** (0.870–0.911) | 0.875*** (0.863–0.889) | 0.844*** (0.824–0.865) |
| Heart disease | 1.119*** (1.108–1.130) | 1.111*** (1.099–1.122) | 1.107*** (1.084–1.131) | 1.108*** (1.093–1.123) | 1.120*** (1.095–1.145) |
| COPD/asthma | 0.945*** (0.932–0.957) | 0.935*** (0.923–0.948) | 0.940*** (0.914–0.967) | 0.927*** (0.911–0.944) | 0.955*** (0.927–0.984) |
| Year (2001) | 1.034*** (1.013–1.054) | 1.034*** (1.013–1.055) | 1.031 (0.988-) 1.075 | 1.028* (1.000–1.058) | 1.033 (0.976–1.094) |
| Year (2002) | 1.202*** (1.179–1.225) | 1.203*** (1.179–1.227) | 1.145*** (1.094–1.198) | 1.218*** (1.185–1.253) | 1.223*** (1.158–1.292) |
| Year (2003) | 1.171*** (1.148–1.194) | 1.176*** (1.152–1.200) | 1.216*** (1.160–1.275) | 1.168*** (1.136–1.202) | 1.165*** (1.103–1.231) |
| Year (2004) | 1.068*** (1.047–1.090) | 1.071*** (1.049–1.093) | 1.042 (0.992–1.095) | 1.078*** (1.047–1.109) | 1.054* (0.997–1.115) |
| Year (2005) | 1.009 (0.989–1.030) | 1.007 (0.987–1.029) | 0.985 (0.936–1.036) | 1.011 (0.982–1.041) | 0.994 (0.939–1.052) |
| Year (2006) | 0.964*** (0.944–0.984) | 0.963*** (0.943–0.983) | 0.977 (0.929–1.028) | 0.961*** (0.932–0.990) | 0.955 (0.901–1.011) |
| Year (2007) | 0.906*** (0.887 – 0.925) | 0.902*** (0.883–0.922) | 0.890*** (0.848–0.935) | 0.906*** (0.878–0.935) | 0.881*** (0.831–0.935) |
| Year (2008) | 0.869*** (0.851–0.888) | 0.865*** (0.847–0.885) | 0.859*** (0.820–0.899) | 0.854*** (0.825–0.885) | 0.865*** (0.813–0.920) |
The numbers in the cells indicate odds ratios. The numbers in the parentheses indicate 95% confidence interval. Non-obese residents serve as the reference group.
**
P<0.05,
***
P<0.01