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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 7.
Published in final edited form as: Structure. 2013 May 7;21(5):694–705. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2013.03.002

Fig. 2. Stoichiometry and alternating access of transporters.

Fig. 2

A) Stoichiometry of uptake of substrate and ions in NSS, LeuT, EAAT, and GltPh transporters in one uptake cycle. LeuT transports small hydrophobic amino acids and GltPh transporters aspartate. B–C) Alternating access mechanism in B) rocker-switch model and C) two-gated pore model. D) Model of co-transport of sodium (Na+) and aspartate (asp) in GltPh. E) Model of cotransport of sodium (Na+) and glutamate (glu) and counter-transport of potassium (K+) in one uptake cycle of EAATs. Only one Na+ is shown for simplicity in D and E.