Table 2.

Contextual factors of past-year illicit drug for the three racial groups, controlling for gender, family income and adolescents’ delinquent behavior

	White (n=42,593)		Native American (n=1,123)		Mixed Race (n=2,959)
Variables (range)	ORs	95% CI	ORs	95% CI	ORs	95% CI
Social Bonding Variables
Parental  Attachment  (quartile)	0.85***	0. 18-0.89	0.80	0.56-1.14	0.91	0.72-1.16
School  Attachment  (quartile)	0.93***	0.90-0.97	1.00	0.75-1.34	0.98	0.80-1.21
Parental  Disapproval of  Substance Use  (dichotomous)	0.46***	0.41-0.51	0.82	0.44-1.54	0.53**	0.34-0.82
Conventional  Activities  (quartile)	0.94***	0.91-0.97	1.03	0.76-1.39	1.06	0.88-1.29
Social Control  Programs  (quartile)	1.01	0.97-1.05	0.91	0.70-1.19	1.01	0.84-1.22
Perceptions & Peer Influence
Negative View of  Substance Use  (dichotomous)	0.24***	0.22-0.27	0.41*	0.20-0.85	0.35***	0.20-0.63
Delinquent Peers  (quartile)	1.62***	1.55-1.69	1.30	0.97-1.75	1.87***	1.53-2.28
Control Variables
Gender, male	0.84***	0.77-0.91	1.12	0.57- 2.21	0.84	0.55-1.29
Income  (4-point scale)	0.984	0.95-1.02	0.70*	0.49-1.00	1.09	0.89-1.34
Delinquent  Behaviors  (dichotomous)	3.45 ***	3.07 - 3.87	1.70	0.89-3.25	3.84***	2.08-7.09

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.