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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 15.

Published in final edited form as: Neuroimage. 2010 Sep 18;54(2):1476–1487. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.022

Figure 2(a). Passage reading time for English and Hindi. The plot shows average passage reading times for English (average±stdev; 106.06±13.84) and Hindi (115.16±10.21) monolingual readers, early simultaneous bilingual readers reading in English (111.08±12.79) and Hindi (115.90±10.21) and late sequential bilingual readers reading in English (129.06±27.8) and Hindi (96.96±15.05). A significant difference is observed between simultaneous and sequential readers in the time taken to read English passage (Mann Whitney test, p=0.014). The sequential readers also differed when compared to English monolingual readers in time taken to read the passage (two sample t-test, t₁₃=2.536, p=0.025).

Figure 2(b). Reaction time for reading English and Hindi words. Top panel shows reaction time to read English high and low frequency words in English readers (high: 0.65±0.02 sec; low: 0.68±0.03 sec), simultaneous (high: 0.71±0.04 sec; low: 0.73±0.05 sec) and sequential readers (high: 0.75±0.06 sec; low: 0.81±0.07 sec). Sequential readers differ from monolingual English readers while reading low frequency words (t-test, t₉=− 3.040, p<0.014) and simultaneous readers (t-test, t₉=−2.87, p<0.018). The bottom panel shows reaction times for reading high and low frequency Hindi words by monolingual Hindi readers (high: 0.64±0.08 sec; low: 0.66±0.09 sec), simultaneous (high: 0.71±0.05 sec; low: 0.72±0.06 sec) and sequential readers (high: 0.74±0.04 sec; low: 0.76±0.05 sec). No between group differences for reading either high or low frequency Hindi words are observed. The error bars depict the standard error of mean.

Figure 2(a). Passage reading time for English and Hindi. The plot shows average passage reading times for English (average±stdev; 106.06±13.84) and Hindi (115.16±10.21) monolingual readers, early simultaneous bilingual readers reading in English (111.08±12.79) and Hindi (115.90±10.21) and late sequential bilingual readers reading in English (129.06±27.8) and Hindi (96.96±15.05). A significant difference is observed between simultaneous and sequential readers in the time taken to read English passage (Mann Whitney test, p=0.014). The sequential readers also differed when compared to English monolingual readers in time taken to read the passage (two sample t-test, t₁₃=2.536, p=0.025).

Figure 2(b). Reaction time for reading English and Hindi words. Top panel shows reaction time to read English high and low frequency words in English readers (high: 0.65±0.02 sec; low: 0.68±0.03 sec), simultaneous (high: 0.71±0.04 sec; low: 0.73±0.05 sec) and sequential readers (high: 0.75±0.06 sec; low: 0.81±0.07 sec). Sequential readers differ from monolingual English readers while reading low frequency words (t-test, t₉=− 3.040, p<0.014) and simultaneous readers (t-test, t₉=−2.87, p<0.018). The bottom panel shows reaction times for reading high and low frequency Hindi words by monolingual Hindi readers (high: 0.64±0.08 sec; low: 0.66±0.09 sec), simultaneous (high: 0.71±0.05 sec; low: 0.72±0.06 sec) and sequential readers (high: 0.74±0.04 sec; low: 0.76±0.05 sec). No between group differences for reading either high or low frequency Hindi words are observed. The error bars depict the standard error of mean.