Figure 1. Modes of translation and protein-degradation regulation.
Protein abundances are determined by a balance of regulation of both RNA and protein production and turnover, and some of the major determinants of protein abundance are illustrated here. The figure focuses on major mechanisms of the regulation of translation and transcript stability (upper panel) and protein degradation (lower panel). Mechanisms of transcription regulation are not discussed in this article. miRNA, microRNA; uORF, upstream open reading frame. Figure adapted, with permission, from REF. 1© (2009) Royal Society of Chemistry.