Figure 2.

IL-19 overexpression promoted breast cancer cell proliferation and migration in vitro and induced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. We constructed the IL-19-overexpressing stable clones of 67NR (67NR/IL-19) cells. (a) Proliferation of 67NR/IL-19 cells was significantly higher than that of control cells. Data are mean ± SEM of triplicate experiments. *P < 0.05 versus control-vector cells. (b) Cell migration, determined using a wound healing assay, was greater in 67NR/IL-19 cells than in control-vector cells. Quantitative results are shown as a wound healing index. Data are mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 versus control-vector cells. (c) 67NR cells (2 × 10⁶) were injected into the left mammary fat pads of BALB/c mice and tumor growth was determined. (d) Fifteen days later, the tumors were removed. Thirty days after the tumors had been surgically removed, the mice were killed, and histological analysis showed that lung metastasis (arrows) was significantly higher in 67NR/IL-19 cells than in control cells (magnification, ×100). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 6 mice in each group). *P < 0.05 versus control mice. The figure refers to Hsing et al. [13].