Table 4.
Relative quantification of mRNA using the comparative cycle threshold (Ct) method
| Cellular location of protein product gene name | Relative mRNA levelsa | P b | Gene ontology categoryc |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extracellular space | |||
| Gremlin 1 | 0.05 | .002 | Organ morphogenesis |
| Matrix metalloproteinase 2 | 0.13 | .011 | Peptidase activity/blood vessel maturation |
| EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1 | 0.06 | .013 | Calcium ion binding |
| Galanin | 0.08 | .013 | Nervous system development |
| Transforming growth factor alpha | 0.12 | .013 | Regulation of cell cycle progression |
| Serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 5 | 0.04 | .046 | Regulation of cell adhesion |
| Placental growth factor | 0.09 | .048 | Progression through cell cycle |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone | 0.06 | .061 | Neuropeptide hormone activity |
| Orosomucoid 1 | 0.03 | .069 | Acute-phase response |
| Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 | 0.32 | .106 | Regulation of cell growth |
| Matrix metalloproteinase 3 | 0.17 | .213 | Proteolysis |
| Matrix metalloproteinase 10 (stromelysin 2) | 0.34 | .402 | Proteolysis |
| Insulin | 3.58 | .477 | Insulin receptor signaling pathway |
| Alpha-fetoprotein | 2.27 | .707 | Progesterone metabolism |
| Plasma membrane | |||
| Cannabinoid receptor 1 | 0.13 | .001 | G-protein coupled receptor |
| Galanin receptor 2 | 0.33 | .001 | G-protein coupled receptor |
| Toll-like receptor 4 | 0.22 | .018 | Inflammatory response |
| Integrin α7 | 0.34 | .024 | Receptor activity/regulation of cell shape |
| Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 | 0.01 | .037 | Development |
| Lipopolysaccharide binding protein | 0.16 | .042 | Lipid transport |
| Transient receptor potential cation channel 4 | 0.04 | .043 | Calcium ion transport |
| Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 | 0.04 | .079 | Development |
| Nicotinic cholinergic receptor, α2 subunit | 1.39 | .220 | Neurotransmitter receptor |
| Nicotinic cholinergic receptor, α7 subunit | 0.64 | .438 | Extracellular ligand-gated ion channel |
| Cytoplasm | |||
| Hemoglobin, epsilon 1 | 0.15 | .003 | Oxygen transport |
| Hydroxysteroid (11β) dehydrogenase 2 | 0.09 | .009 | Oxidoreductase activity |
| Hemoglobin, gamma A | 0.10 | .010 | Oxygen transport |
| Deiodinase, iodothyronine type II | 0.02 | .012 | Hormone biosynthesis |
| S100 calcium binding protein A4 | 0.09 | .021 | Calcium ion binding |
| S100 calcium binding protein G | 3.10 | .029 | Calcium ion binding |
| S100 calcium binding protein B | 0.04 | .038 | Regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity |
| Small muscle protein, X-linked | 17.8 | .058 | Striated muscle contraction |
| Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1B | 2.05 | .092 | Anti-apoptosis |
| Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 | 0.77 | .233 | Oxidoreductase activity |
| Cytochrome P450 1A1 | 2.45 | .549 | Oxidoreductase activity |
| Cytochrome P450 2E1 | 0.95 | .910 | Oxidoreductase activity |
| Nucleus | |||
| Heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 | 0.18 | .012 | Neural crest cell development |
| Progesterone receptor | 0.06 | .065 | Steroid hormone receptor |
a
All mRNA levels were calculated relative to beta-actin using the formula 2–ΔΔCT. Values < 1 are indicative for downregulation of expression, and values > 1 signify higher expression in the experimental group compared with the control group.
b
The P value is calculated by comparing all control with all ethanol exposed samples and applying Student's t-test.
c
Shown are selected levels of gene ontology; most genes fit in more than one category. Statistically significant genes with P ≤ .05.