Table 5.

The association between WHO HIV stages and urine abnormalities** on microscopy and culture among HIV-infected, ART naïve children, 2-12years old n=220

	Urine abnormalities n (%)	OR (95% CI)	P value
Clinical stages
Stage 1&2	15 (12.9)
Stage 3&4	33 (27.0)	2.20(1.06; 4.60)	0.021
Immunological stage***
Not significantly immnosuppressed	11 (12.2)
Mild immunosuppression	15 (42.9)	5.4 (2.11; 13.84)	<0.001
Advanced immunosuppression	8 (20.0)	1.8 (0.62; 5.20)	0.277
Severe immunosuppression	11 (23.9)	2.26(0.88; 5.83)	0.277

OR= Odds ratio CI=confidence interval.

**The urine abnormalities are UTI (including schistosomiasis), sterile pyuria and asymptomatic bacteriuria.

***Two children with urine abnormalities did not have CD4 count results.

Logistic regression and odds ratios presented.